Statistics

1. Statistics is the study of _____________._x000D_
A. Testing and interpreting statistical hypotheses about a relationship_x000D_
B. Mathematical analysis using samples instead of populations_x000D_
C. Summarizing, analyzing, or drawing inferences about a relationship_x000D_
D. Inferring something about a population from a sample_x000D_
_x000D_
2. Which of the following is not a variable?_x000D_
A. Personal fantasies_x000D_
B. The final score of the Yankees game on 10/17/09_x000D_
C. Body temperatures of people who are NOT sick_x000D_
D. Age_x000D_
_x000D_
3. Why is it important to record demographics?_x000D_
A. Different populations act differently_x000D_
B. The IRB mandates it for studies conducted_x000D_
C. There’s no way to tell if you’re measuring a consistent estimator_x000D_
D. There’s no way to tell if you’re measuring a sufficient estimator_x000D_
_x000D_
4. How is an ordinal variable more detailed than a nominal variable?_x000D_
A. The distance between the categories is equal_x000D_
B. 0 means the total absence of the variable_x000D_
C. The categories are qualitative groupings_x000D_
D. The categories possess value_x000D_
_x000D_
5. How is a ratio variable more detailed than an interval variable?_x000D_
A. 0 means the total absence of the variable_x000D_
B. The categories are qualitative groupings_x000D_
C. The categories possess value_x000D_
D. The distance between the categories is equal_x000D_
_x000D_
6. What kind of variable is a person’s height?_x000D_
A. Discrete_x000D_
B. Continuous_x000D_
C. Ungrouped_x000D_
D. Grouped_x000D_
_x000D_
7. In a positively skewed distribution, ____________._x000D_
A. The bulk of the scores are on the left side_x000D_
B. The bulk of the scores are on the right side_x000D_
_x000D_
8. Kurtosis is the measure of ______________._x000D_
A. The amount that the peak is shifted positively or negatively_x000D_
B. The shape of the distribution’s peak_x000D_
1_x000D_
_x000D_
C. Whether the distribution has enough scores (N)_x000D_
D. The cumulative relative frequency_x000D_
_x000D_
9. The mode is an especially poor choice of measuring central tendency when ___________._x000D_
A. The distribution is bimodal_x000D_
B. The distribution is heavily positively skewed_x000D_
C. The distribution is skewed to the left_x000D_
D. The distribution is a normal curve_x000D_
_x000D_
10. The median is a better choice of measuring central tendency than the mean when _____________._x000D_
A. The distribution is bimodal_x000D_
B. The distribution is heavily positively skewed_x000D_
C. The distribution is skewed to the left_x000D_
D. The distribution is a normal curve_x000D_
_x000D_
11. The sum of deviations [ Summation (X-Xbar)] is always equal to ____________._x000D_
A. The mean_x000D_
B. The median_x000D_
C. 0_x000D_
D. It’s possible for it to be different every time_x000D_
_x000D_
12. In which of the following situations would just providing the mean without also providing variability be bad?_x000D_
A. Mean number of meters a guided missile lands from the target but not variability_x000D_
B. Mean amount of IQ increase seen in children in a single year but not variability_x000D_
C. Mean number of crimes committed by a demographic but not variability_x000D_
D. All of the above_x000D_
_x000D_
13. ___________ is the measure of variability most affected by outlier scores._x000D_
A. Range_x000D_
B. Interquartile range_x000D_
C. Variance_x000D_
D. Standard deviation_x000D_
_x000D_
14. When calculating variance for a sample, we use the following formula:Sum of Squares / (N-1)What benefit is there to subtracting 1?_x000D_
A. Makes sure studies cannot be done with case studies (N=1)_x000D_
B. The lower the number of participants, the more the -1 increases sample variability_x000D_
C. If we don’t subtract 1, the sum of deviations won’t equal 0_x000D_
D. Subtracting 1 makes the distribution appear more normal_x000D_
_x000D_
15. Why do we use standard deviation instead of variance?_x000D_
A. Standard deviation takes into account the N of the sample_x000D_
B. Standard deviation is less susceptible to outlier scores than the variance._x000D_
2_x000D_
_x000D_
C. Standard deviation has the same scale of measurement as the mean_x000D_
D. Standard deviation takes into account degrees of freedom of the sample_x000D_
16. Which of the following is not a requirement of a perfect normal distribution?_x000D_
A. Identical mean, median, and mode_x000D_
B. Asymptotic distribution_x000D_
C. Has a standard deviation of 1._x000D_
D. Has range of negative infinity to positive infinity_x000D_
_x000D_
17. Which of the following is not true of standard normal distributions?_x000D_
A. Standard deviation = 1_x000D_
B. Mean = 0_x000D_
C. Easier to compare values across variables_x000D_
D. Converting scores to a standard normal distribution turns the distribution into a perfect normal distribution_x000D_
_x000D_
18. If I were to look at the scores on a test from a single classroom and assume the findings apply to the whole school, I would be using ___________._x000D_
A. Descriptive statistics_x000D_
B. Inferential statistics_x000D_
C. Sample statistics_x000D_
D. Population statistics_x000D_
_x000D_
19. Which of these is the worst type of sampling?_x000D_
A. Snowball sampling_x000D_
B. Convenience sampling_x000D_
C. Random sampling_x000D_
D. Stratified random sampling_x000D_
_x000D_
20. Why isn’t random sampling as good as stratified random sampling?_x000D_
A. Random sampling does not give everyone an equal chance of participation_x000D_
B. Random sampling is not independent_x000D_
C. In random sampling you run the risk of asking both the old grandma at the grocery store as well as the grandpa she’s with_x000D_
D. Random sampling doesn’t guarantee representativeness_x000D_
_x000D_
21. __________ is when you accept the null hypothesis when it’s false._x000D_
A. Type 1 Error_x000D_
B. Type 2 Error_x000D_
C. H0 Error_x000D_
D. H1 Error_x000D_
_x000D_
22. Correlation refers to______________________._x000D_
A. €¦ the causal relationship between two variables._x000D_
3_x000D_
_x000D_
B. €¦ the association between two variables._x000D_
C. €¦ the proportion of variance that two variables share._x000D_
D. €¦ a statistical method that can only be used with a correlational research design._x000D_
_x000D_
23. If two variables are highly correlated, what do you know?_x000D_
A. They always go together_x000D_
B. High values on one variable lead to high values on the other variable_x000D_
C. There are no other variables responsible for the relationship_x000D_
D. Changes in one variable are accompanied by predictable changes in the other_x000D_
24. (4pts) Please follow the instructions on the attached page for finding the mean, median, and mode for the attached data. Provide your SPSS output with the median, median, and mode highlighted. Which of these measures of central tendency is the best answer for the problem? Why?_x000D_
_x000D_
25. (2pts) Using the provided data set, assess the relationship between the variables in the attached data. Please provide your SPSS output with your exam submission. What type of relationship exists between the two variables? How do you know?_x000D_
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