PHI 103 Informal Logic

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Week 3 – Discussion 2

Understanding Fallacies (Continued)

Your instructor will choose the discussion question and post it as the first post in the discussion forum. Answer all the questions in the prompt, and read any resources that are required to complete the discussion properly.

Guided Response: In addition to your original post, post a minimum of three responses for a total of at least four posts. At least two responses must be to your classmates; the third response could be to a classmate or your instructor. Be sure to post on three separate days throughout the week to promote further engagement and discussion. Each response should be a minimum of 75 words.

Option #5: Car Salesman/The Graduate/Bias in media or life source.

Prepare: Prior to answering this week’s discussion, make sure you have read Chapter 8 in our book and Complete this week’s “ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.” and “ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.” scenarios.

Reflect: As you worked through the scenarios, it probably occurred to you that the arguments you were presented with were likely to be biased. You may have noticed the use of rhetorical devices or even fallacies. On your own, find an example of an argument from a media source and evaluate it on the basis on this week’s readings. You will be addressing this source for this discussion. Remember that the goal of this discussion is not to agree or disagree with the argument, but to examine ways in which the argument is affected by fallacies, biases, and other potential problems. It will be helpful for you to use the specific concepts from your textbook in completing this discussion. In other words, if you think that an argument has a bias, fallacy, or other defect, it’s up to you to say which bias or fallacy it is.

Write: Address the following and reference specific concepts from this week’s assigned readings:

Include a link or bibliographical information for the source in your discussion post.

Determine the issue that is being discussed and the conclusion that is drawn on that issue.

Explain any biases or fallacies you find in the source and discuss the source of those biases with specific reference to the textbook or other sources on cognitive biases.

Identify any rhetorical devices that may be used to influence your perception of the argument.

Discuss the credibility of the source of the argument.

Guided Response:

Post a minimum of three responses, two of which must be to your classmates. The third response could be to a classmate or your instructor. Be sure to post on three separate days throughout the week to promote further engagement and discussion. Each response should be a minimum 75 of words.

Do you agree with their analysis? Have they correctly identified the features they noted? What features of the argument might they have missed.

Link: https://bridgepoint.equella.ecollege.com/curriculum/file/38d80e6c-2422-436e-b99b-0d458a340dc3/1/BuyingaCarScenario.zip/story.html

Also follow this source for do this order:Required Resources

Text

Hardy, J., Foster, C., & Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015). With good reason: A guide to critical thinking. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

Chapter 7: Informal Fallacies

Chapter 8: Persuasion and Rhetoric

Multimedia

deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2009, November 15). The “red herring” fallacy [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/exdK7Lirngg

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the red herring fallacy with examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/4fe3d4b9-9101-4646-b832-34ebfe0e4263/1/The%20Red%20Herring%20Fallacy%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2009, November 17). The “straw man” fallacy [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/v5vzCmURh7o

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the straw man fallacy and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/e1eb150b-5ad7-4789-a126-0db4529ac30e/1/The%20Straw%20Man%20Fallacy%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2010, January 13). Fallacies: Slippery slope [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/DtmAw9Ia7LA

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the slippery slope fallacy with examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/520251ba-0ee7-4704-ae69-385226351df2/1/Fallacies%20Slippery%20Slope.%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2011, February 3). Cognitive biases: What they are, why they’re important [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/dTJLchCHsrc

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the role of cognitive biases in our thinking. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/a81a3a94-d5c8-4eef-9a51-408828358217/1/Cognitive%20Biases%20What%20They%20Are,%20Why%20Theyre%20Important%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2011, July 3). The ad hominem fallacy [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/7GzXVqwYHVE

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the ad hominem fallacy and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/0385a615-c125-4462-915f-b8a1ebb1ea48/1/The%20Ad%20Hominem%20Fallacy%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2013, January 27). Fallacies: Appeal to popular belief [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/NvBjMO8RAWs

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the appeal to popular belief fallacy and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/43e4b1a4-973b-410e-90fc-8c36fbea70c8/1/Fallacies%20Appeal%20to%20Popular%20Belief%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2013, January 27). What is a fallacy? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/EJp4bZhhYfw

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains how to distinguish fallacies from other bad arguments. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/db49442d-2cb2-43d6-ba26-3fedf296698d/1/What%20is%20a%20Fallacy%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2013, January 29). Fallacies: Appeal to authority [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/3PDrnZoM3nA

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the appeal to authority fallacy and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/a24e0262-8142-4f4a-ad28-125eced64479/1/Fallacies%20Appeal%20to%20Authority%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2013, January 29). Fallacies: Begging the question (broad sense) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/krYpiQ6evD4

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the broad sense of begging the question (which involves premises that are no more plausible than the conclusion is initially) and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/bc5b97c5-a45f-4d76-8a8e-bc0d7a7064f7/1/Fallacies%20Begging%20the%20Question%20(broad%20sense).%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2013, January 29). Fallacies: Begging the question (narrow sense) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/qSWCi_-qIME

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the narrow sense of begging the question (which is equivalent to circular reasoning) and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/02a10429-2cb3-4977-bd3e-04f6e5347044/1/Fallacies%20Begging%20the%20Question%20(narrow%20sense)%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2013, January 29). Fallacies: False dilemma [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/3-Xf0y13pQI

This video, embedded within the guidance in the Lectures for this week, explains the fallacy of assuming that there are only two options, when there are in fact more than two, and provides examples. This video will assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/32d5f062-0612-4199-8c4a-0ef68f4445f2/1/Fallacies-False_Dilemma.pdf

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HoustonPBS (2010, March 16). Critical thinking on LIVING SMART with Patricia Gras [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/W4-XVZ7GQD8

This video discusses media bias and how to detect it, and it will assist you in addressing one of the discussion prompts this week. Your instructor will determine if this video will be required viewing based on the selected prompt. This video has closed captioning and a transcript.

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Recommended Resources

Multimedia

deLaplante, K. [Kevin deLaplante]. (2011, July 31). TCT 015: Confirmation bias and the evolution of reason [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/e-TXeQwla84

This video offers a psychological explanation for confirmation bias in our reasoning. This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/cba16346-4f8e-4d49-8d9f-0db5ca402279/1/Confirmation%20Bias%20and%20the%20Evolution%20of%20Reason%20%5bVideo%20file%5d.pdf

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Harrison, J. [Justin Harrison]. (2013, November 18). Critical thinking 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/F1FqeC8UxhQ

This video talks about logical fallacies and gives examples of how they appear in daily life. This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/f6b352bf-b03f-4e43-b078-f29deb17f1bf/1/Critical_Thinking_2%20.pdf

Accessibility Statement

Harrison, J. [Justin Harrison]. (2013, December 12). Informal fallacies 1 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/QPIK3odiDeA

This video provides explanations of logical fallacies with examples of how they show up in daily life. This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/73b56cfa-627e-4da4-a05c-c367cb35f7bc/1/Informal_Fallacies_1%20.pdf

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Harrison, J. [Justin Harrison]. (2013, December 12). Informal fallacies 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/zN4YUif-UAU

This video provides explanations of logical fallacies with examples of how they show up in daily life. This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/c977d73a-4217-4969-9e60-684a840c7ef5/1/Informal_Fallacies_2.pdf

Accessibility Statement

Harrison, J. [Justin Harrison]. (2013, December 12). Informal fallacies 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/rpaSdLxCEXw

This video provides explanations of logical fallacies with examples of how they show up in daily life. This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/a282261e-1d09-410e-8ec2-ce85f92fe4ff/1/Informal_Fallacies_3.pdf

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inFact with Brian Dunning. (2011, July 6). inFact: Logical fallacies 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/Z71w-rHkeSk

This video demonstrates multiple informal logical fallacies that you will examine during this week.This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/6b616c37-b0fc-4865-ae63-b0513a228eb1/1/Dunning%20Logical%20Fallacies%202.pdf

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TheHtownusa. (2011, March 31). The fallacy project: Examples of fallacies from advertising, politics, and popular culture [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/fXLTQi7vVsI

This video provides examples of fallacies as seen in the media and in life. This video may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. The transcript is available here: https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/eeacdeb8-72a8-41bd-89d9-22f92bb0f279/1/The%20Fallacy%20Project.pdf

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Web Page

Labossiere, M. C. (n.d.). The Nizkor Project: Fallacies. Retrieved from http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/

This web page offers definitions and examples of many of the fallacies that we cover in this course. This web page may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week.

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Website

Clearer Thinking. (http://www.clearerthinking.org/)

This website offers many mini-tutorials aimed at enhancing your decision making, refining your planning, and sharpening your reasoning. There are some that are applicable to fallacies, such as “Probabilistic Fallacies: Gauging the Strength of Evidence,” which is a discussion on how to interpret evidence and avoid fallacies. There are other videos dedicated to fallacies in everyday life that have practical value. This website may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week.

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FlackCheck.org. (http://www.flackcheck.org/)

This website presents examples of logical fallacies. This website may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week.

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Logical Fallacies. (http://www.logicalfallacies.info/)

This website presents examples of logical fallacies. This website may assist you with your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week.

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Supplemental Material

Harrison, J. (n.d.). Informal fallacies [Unpublished work]. Retrieved from https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/e5fdd506-3752-4ed3-a6fb-61319b25bd2d/1/Harrison%20Informal%20Fallacies%20unpublished%20work.pdf

This document provides information on a variety of fallacies so that you might avoid these in your constructed arguments. This article may assist you in your Understanding Fallacies and your Understanding Fallacies (Continued) discussions this week.