muscular wall

(a) Which two chambers pump blood out of the heart? Chambers (b) Name chamber A. (c) Explain why the muscular wall round chamber D is thicker than the muscular wall round chamber B. 1 and . 1

2. David and Julie investigated factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet. They made an electromagnet by wrapping wire round an iron nail and connecting the wire to a variable power supply set to 2 V. They measured the strength of the electromagnet by counting the number of paper clips it could lift. variable power supply
iron nail

coils of wire

paper clips

Their results are shown below. Number of coils of wire 10 15 Number of paper clips lifted 2 3

The investigation was fair but could be improved to make the results more reliable. Suggest two improvements. 1

2 [3700/31/01] Page three [Turn over 2
3. The boxes show the names of some gases. 1 carbon monoxide 4 oxides of nitrogen 5 CFC 2 carbon dioxide 6 nitrogen 3 sulphur dioxide

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(a) Which two boxes show gases that cause acid rain pollution? Box numbers and 2

(b) Which box shows a gas that breaks down the ozone layer in the atmosphere? Box number 1

4. Draw lines to match each object to the most appropriate method of protecting it from damage. One has been done for you. Object Method of protection aluminium gate tinplating leather walking boots oiling wooden garden bench pesticide treatment bicycle chain waterproofing wax food cans anodising steel roofing sheet galvanising 3

5. The table gives some information about three planets. Distance from the Sun (millions of km) Minimum Mercury Venus Earth 48 108 148 Maximum 70 110 154

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Planet

Construct a single bar graph to show all of the above information. (Additional graph paper, if needed, is provided on Page twenty-four.)

6. Burning coal in power stations causes air pollution.

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Give two ways in which air pollution can be reduced. 1

2 7. A thermostat keeps the temperature inside a freezer constant. Describe how the thermostat works. 2

8. Read the passage below and then answer the questions. Bacteria are single-celled organisms which are so small they can only be seen through a microscope. One way of identifying different types of bacteria is by their shape. Cocci bacteria are round, vibrios bacteria are shaped like commas and spirilla bacteria are spiral. Bacteria which are rod-shaped are called bacilli bacteria. Bacteria usually reproduce by a process called binary fission in which each one divides into two equal parts. When the conditions are correct, binary fission can take place every twenty minutes. This is the reason why numbers of bacteria can rapidly increase. High temperatures can kill bacteria. During pasteurisation, milk is kept at a temperature of 72 °C for fifteen seconds and then rapidly cooled to 10 °C. This process kills disease-causing bacteria, but less harmful bacteria are able to survive, causing milk to go sour after a few days. Ultra-heat treatment of milk involves heating the milk to 132 °C for one second. This kills most bacteria allowing the milk to last for several months. Antibiotics are drugs which can kill bacteria and are used to treat diseases caused by bacterial infection. However, some types of bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus, which causes blood poisoning, are becoming resistant to most antibiotics. To overcome this problem, medical researchers are developing treatments that use bacteriophages. These are viruses which kill bacteria. (a) What type of bacteria are shaped like commas? (b) Name the process by which bacteria usually reproduce. (c) Explain why milk that has been heated to 132 °C can last for several months.

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1 (d) State two ways of treating diseases caused by bacterial infection. 1 2 1

9. The boxes show the names of parts of the human breathing system. 1 diaphragm 4 windpipe 5 bronchioles 2 rib cage 6 capillaries 3 air sacs

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(a) Which part is kept open by cartilage rings? Box number (b) Which two parts are needed for gas exchange between the lungs and blood? Box numbers and 1 1

(c) Which part causes an increase in lung pressure when it moves upwards? Box number 10. Which box below shows the three reasons why corrosion increases the cost to industry? A Cost of additional labour Cost of lost production Cost of replacing corroded parts C B Cost of additional labour Cost of lost production Cost of heat treating metals D 1

Cost of lost production Cost of replacing corroded parts Cost of improving wear resistance Cost of additional labour Cost of replacing corroded parts Cost of heat treating metals Box letter 1
11. Two food webs from Australian grasslands are shown below. Dingo Wedge-tailed eagle Dingo

Marks KU PS Wedge-tailed eagle

Magpie

Echidna

Frilled lizard

Magpie

Echidna

Termite

Emu

Cricket

Termite

Wattle tree

Grass

Wattle tree Food web B

Food web A

(a) Circle the correct answers in the following sentence. Food web A B more fewer links. is more stable because it has 1

(b) One food chain from food web A is shown below. grass cricket echidna dingo

Give two ways in which the energy is lost from this food chain. 1 2 (c) The grass was sprayed with pesticide. Which of these organisms will build up the highest concentration of pesticide in its body? 2

A Cricket B Frilled lizard D Wedge-tailed eagle 1 C Magpie

Underline the correct answer. (d) What word is used to describe the number of animals of the same species living in an area? ………………………………………………………………………………………………

cap 12. The key shows information about types of fungi.

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Marks KU PS

Fungi

safe to eat if uncooked yellow cap Dryad’s saddle white cap Shaggy inkcap

safe to eat if cooked yellow cap Lurid boletus red cap

poisonous if eaten yellow cap purple cap

causes death if eaten brown cap grey cap Death cap

Blusher Common earthball

Clean Destroying mycena angel

The table gives some more information about these fungi. Common name Dryad’s saddle Shaggy inkcap Lurid boletus Blusher Common earthball Clean mycena Destroying angel Death cap Species Polyporus squamosus Coprinus comatus Boletus luridus Amanita rubescens Scleroderma citrinum Mycena pura Amanita virosa Amanita phalloides Diameter of cap (cm) 40 to 50 8 to 10 9 to 12 10 to 15 5 to 8 2 to 3 5 to 9 6 to 12

(a) Which species has a yellow cap and is poisonous if eaten? (b) What is the colour of the cap with the smallest diameter? 1 (c) Use both the key and the table to fully describe the Amanita virosa species. [3700/31/01] Page ten 2 1

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13. Human activity has destroyed much of the African rain forest, limiting the number of gorillas which can live there.

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(a) Give two other factors which can limit the number of animals in an area. 1 2 (b) What word is used to describe the environmental area in which a type of animal lives? 14. (a) Draw lines to match each part of the blood to its correct function. Part of the blood plasma white blood cells platelets red blood cells Function to destroy bacteria to carry oxygen to carry dissolved food to seal cuts by clotting blood 3 1 2

(b) Blood is carried around the body in different types of blood vessel. Which type of blood vessel has (i) thick walls? 1 (ii) valves? 1

15. The graph below shows how the level of dissolved oxygen is affected by water temperature.

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15 Level of dissolved oxygen 10 (mg/litre)

Temperature of water (°C) (a) Draw one conclusion from the graph. (b) The following chart shows the level of dissolved oxygen at which different types of fish can survive. Trout 1

Minnow Type of fish

Perch

Roach
15. (b) (continued) (ii) What is the minimum level of dissolved oxygen needed for perch to survive? mg/litre (i) How many types of fish can survive in water with a level of dissolved oxygen below 3 mg/litre?

Marks KU PS

The table shows the water temperature in the river downstream from the factory. Distance downstream (m) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature of water (°C) 30·0 25·0 22·0 19·0 17·0 16·5 16·0

Use information from the graph, chart and table to answer the following questions. (i) What is the level of dissolved oxygen in the water 60 m downstream from the factory? mg/litre 1

(ii) Which type of fish could not survive in the river 10 m downstream from the factory? 1

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16. The table shows the number of twin births per 1000 pregnancies for women of different ages in Britain. Age of women (years) 20 24 28 32 36 40 Number of twin births per 1000 pregnancies Non-identical twins 4·0 6·0 9·0 16·0 13·0 10·0 Identical twins 2·0 2·4 3·0 3·6 4·0 4·0

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Using the same axes, show the results as two line graphs. Label each line clearly. (Additional graph paper, if required, may be found on Page twenty-four.)

40 3

Age of women (years)

[3700/31/01]

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17. What name is given to each of the following processes? (a) Converting sugar into alcohol

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1 (b) Using sound waves to detect underground deposits of oil and gas 1 (c) Separating fractions from crude oil in an oil refinery 1 18. The grid shows some properties of materials. 1 thermal conductivity 4 flexibility 5 electrical conductivity 2 strength 6 hardness 3 wear resistance

Which property means (a) the ability of a material to allow heat to flow through it? Box number (b) the ability of a material to resist damage caused by impact? Box number (c) the ability of a material to bend without breaking? Box number (d) the ability of a material to support a heavy load without breaking? Box number 1 1 1 1

19. The table gives some information about hurricanes. Category of hurricane 1 2 3 4 5 Height of storm surge (m) 1·2 to 1·7 1·8 to 2·6 2·7 to 3·9 4·0 to 5·5 more than 5·5 Wind speed (km/hr) 120 to 154 155 to 179 180 to 209 210 to 249 250 or more Damage to houses none light moderate severe very severe

The bar graph shows the height of the storm surge for some hurricanes. 6·0 5·0 4·0 Height of storm surge (m) 3·0 2·0 1·0 0 Andrew Carol Donna Erin Floyd Name of hurricane

19. ( continued) The line graph shows how the wind speed of a hurricane is related to the air pressure. 260 240 220 200 Wind speed (km/hr) 180 160 140 120 100 920 940 960 980 Air pressure (mb)

Marks KU PS

Use all of the information given to answer the following.

(a) What damage to houses was caused by hurricane Floyd? 1 (b) Name the hurricane with an air pressure of 920 mb. 1 (c) Predict the air pressure of a category 3 hurricane. mb 1

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Marks 20. The diagrams below show possible positions for the switch and the fuse in the electrical supply to a toaster. Key E N L earth wire neutral wire live wire fuse switch

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KU PS

Diagram A
E N L

Diagram B
E N L

Diagram C
E N L

Diagram D
E N L

(a) Which diagram shows the correct position of the switch and fuse? Letter (b) The power rating of the toaster is 1500 W. What is the correct fuse rating of the toaster? Circle the correct answer. 1 1

1A 3A 5A 13A (c) The metal casing of the toaster is connected to the earth wire. Explain how the earth wire acts as a safety device. [3700/31/01] Page eighteen

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21. The graph shows how the thickness of skin on the face changes with age. 2·50 2·25 2·00 1·75 Thickness of skin (mm) 1·50 1·25 1·00 0·75 0·50 0·25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Age (years) (a) Draw two conclusions from this graph. 1 regular smoker non-smoker

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2 2 (b) What is the difference in skin thickness between a 40 year old regular smoker and a 40 year old non-smoker? Space for working

[3700/31/01] Page nineteen
22. To measure the water speed in a local river, Brian timed how long it took for a piece of wood to travel 100 metres. He carried out the experiment five times. His results are shown in the table. Experiment number 1 2 3 4 5 Time taken (s) 41 39 42 37 41

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(a) Calculate the average time taken for the wood to travel 100 m. Space for working

Answer

(b) The average water speed can be found using the formula average water speed = distance travelled average time taken (i) Use your answer to part (a) to calculate the average water speed. Space for working

Answer

22. (b) (continued) (ii) Further downstream, the average water speed was 0·8 m/s.

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Calculate the average time taken for the wood to travel 100 m. Space for working

Answer

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23. Use the information in the passage to complete the flow diagram. Ammonia is made by combining nitrogen from the air and hydrogen from methane. The nitrogen and hydrogen gases pass through a compressor to increase the pressure to 200 atmospheres. The compressed gases pass into the reactor. The reactor is heated to 300°C and contains an iron catalyst. A mixture of ammonia, unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen passes from the reactor into a condenser. The mixture is cooled forming liquid ammonia which is then separated from the gases. The unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are passed back into the compressor. Hydrogen from

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Nitrogen from the air

Compressor at a pressure of atmospheres nitrogen and hydrogen

Reactor 300 °C catalyst

condenser

24. The graph below shows the solubility of carbon dioxide gas in water at different temperatures and pressures. Temperature (°C) Solubility of carbon dioxide (g/100 g of water) Pressure 1·0 atm 10 20 30 40 50 225 180 135 105 85 Pressure 1·3 atm 325 300 275 255 240 Pressure 1·5 atm 380 365 350 335 320

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(a) Draw two conclusions from this information. 1

2 2 (b) Predict the solubility of carbon dioxide when the pressure is 1·4 atm and the temperature is 20 °C. g/100 g of water 1

(c) Calculate the percentage decrease in solubility of carbon dioxide at 50 °C when the pressure is reduced from 1·5 atm to 1·3 atm. Space for working

ADDITIONAL GRAPH PAPER FOR USE IN QUESTION 5

Marks KU PS

ADDITIONAL GRAPH PAPER FOR USE IN QUESTION 16

Age of women (years) [3700/31/01] Page twenty-four
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