Month: January 2022

gerontologic nursing = nursing concepts/theories related to the older adult

Work type:          Discussion Essay

Format:      APA

Pages:        2 pages ( 550 words, Double spaced

Academic level:  Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Subject or discipline:   Nursing

Title: Writer’s choice

Number of sources:     2

Paper instructions:     

1. What specific nursing concepts/theories related to the older adult that are relevant to this experience when assessing and providing teaching to adults about home safety, pain management and sleep. Explain the concept, theory, etc. clearly and concisely so that someone unfamiliar with it could understand it.

2. How did gerontology nursing emerge in the experience (When did I see it or note its absence? How did or should I or some else use it?)

3. What gerontologic nursing (e.g. disciplinary, intellectual, professional) skills did I use/should I have used? In what ways did I think from the gerontologic nurse’s perspective and what were the results?

4. In what ways are my understanding of gerontologic nursing or a skill and the experience the same and in what specific ways are they different? What are the possible reasons for the difference(s) (e.g. bias, assumptions, lack of information on my part or on the part of the community)?

5. What did your experience teach you about who you are relative to the person you want to become as a Registered Nurse?

Business Problem Frameworks and Mind Maps

Paper Type:         essay

Subject:     Business

Pages         4 (1100 Words)

Sources      2

Spacing      Double

Citation      APA

Academic Level  Doctoral

Quality       Standard

Paper details

Write a 4-5 page business report in which you apply selected frameworks and mind maps to analyze business problems found in three scholarly articles.

Introduction

In this assessment, you are continuing your role as a business consultant for the companies you analyzed in Assessment 3. You will assess the needs of the organization for improving organizational effectiveness. You will then develop a business report where you will gather authoritative models and theories within scholarly and practitioner literature, using focused search techniques, for the purpose of assessing their credibility, relevance, and applicability for a specific leadership, marketing, or information management problem. Your audience for this business report is department managers who will be assigned to work on the business problems that you identified.

Preparation

In this assessment, you are continuing your role as a business consultant for the companies you analyzed in Assessment 3 by assessing the needs of the organization for improving organizational effectiveness. You will develop a business report where you will gather authoritative models and theories within scholarly and practitioner literature, using focused search techniques, for the purpose of assessing their credibility, relevance, and applicability for a specific leadership, marketing, or information management problem. Your audience for this business report is department managers who will be assigned to work on the business problems that you identified.

You may want to review these articles as you work through this assessment:

Shufutinsky, A., Deporres, D., Long, B., & Sibel, J. R. (2020). Shock leadership development for the modern era of pandemic management and preparedness. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 13(1), 20-42.

Li, T., & Chan, Y. E. (2019). Dynamic information technology capability: Concept definition and framework development. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(4), 101575.

Lepkowska-White, E., Parsons, A., & Berg, W. (2019). Social media marketing management: An application to small restaurants in the US. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(3), 321-345.

Instructions

Write a 4-5 page business report where you provide the following:

Make any revisions to the three business problem statements you developed in Assessment 3 and state the specific problem for each of the following three areas: leadership, information systems, and marketing management. You will specify, “The specific problem is…”.

For each problem you developed, identify and discuss authoritative models and theories within scholarly and practitioner literature that can be used to further understand the problem.

For each problem, identify an applied framework (which can be based on a theoretical, conceptual, process, or developmental framework) and explain how the framework relates to the problem.

Using some of the common elements found in the models, theories, and frameworks, construct a mind map to illustrate logical relationships among frameworks for leadership, marketing management, and information systems.

You may wish to use the Creating Mind Maps activity in this assessment to make your mind map.

In your report, give a detailed explanation of the concepts and connections in your mind map.

Your report should include the following headings:

Introduction

Leadership

Information Systems

Marketing

Mind Map

Summary

Marta Rivas and Alberto Rivas v Nationwide Personal Security Corporation N.C. Protective Services Board v Gray, Inc. Andrew J. Neuens v City of Columbus

Type of service:  Academic Writing

Work type:          Discussion Essay

Format:      APA

Pages:        1 pages ( 275 words, Double spaced

Academic level:  Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Discipline:  Criminal Justice

Title: case review & summary 3-CJ 3309

Number of sources:     0

Paper instructions:     

Case Review and Summary #3

Choose one (1) of the cases listed and complete a case brief following the format listed below. There is no length requirement, but the assignment requires you to be thorough and complete.

Marta Rivas and Alberto Rivas v Nationwide Personal Security Corporation

N.C. Protective Services Board v Gray, Inc.

Andrew J. Neuens v City of Columbus

Please include the five elements listed below in your briefing:

1 . Citation-Give the full citation for the case, including the name of the case, the date it was decided, and the court that decided it.

2 . Facts-Briefly indicate (a) the reasons for the lawsuit; (b) the identity and arguments of the plaintiff(s) and defendant(s), respectively; and (c) the lower court’s decision—if appropriate.

3 . Issue-Concisely phrase, in the form of a question, the essential issue before the court. (If more than one issue is involved, you may have two—or even more—questions here.)

4 . Decision-Indicate here—with a “yes” or “no,” if possible—the court’s answer to the question (or questions) in the Issue section above.

5 . Reason-Summarize as briefly as possible the reasons given by the court for its decision (or decisions) and the case or statutory law relied on by the court in arriving at its decision.

Medication Error in the Hospital Kills Two-Year Old Emily Jerry,

Type of service:                Academic Writing

Work type:         Discussion Essay

Format:                APA

Pages:   1 pages ( 275 words, Double spaced

Academic level:                Master’s

Discipline:            Nursing

Title:      Writer’s choice

Number of sources:        2

Paper instructions:         

After watching the video, Medication Error in the Hospital Kills Two-Year Old Emily Jerry, explain how you believe collaborative teamwork may have created a different outcome for Emily Jerry.

Identify two ideas you have to help implement teamwork and collaboration within healthcare.

Evaluate system barriers and facilitators of effective team functioning and analyze two strategies for communicating and resolving conflict.

Use at least two sources to support your answer.

identify a clinical problem/issue in your practice setting (ICU) that can compromise patient safety.

Work type:         Research paper

Format:                APA

Pages:   2 pages ( 550 words, Double spaced

Academic level:                Master’s

Discipline:            Nursing

Title:      Writer’s choice

Number of sources:        3

Paper instructions:         

The purpose of this assignment is to identify a clinical problem/issue in your practice setting (ICU) that can compromise patient safety. You will use this problem/issue for Written Assignments 1, 2, and 3 in this course. Examples of a clinical problem/issue include lack of teamwork, problems or issues related to staffing, patient safety, failure to meet practice standards, communication, medication errors, and so on.

Avoid using any identifiers such as agency, employee, and/or patient names.

Write a 500- to 825-word scholarly paper (2 to 3 pages, not including the title and reference pages) that contains the following:

Introduction: Provide a brief introduction including a description of the clinical problem/issue that you have identified.

Literature Review to Support Your Introduction: Use a NJ State Library search interface such as OVID, ProQuest, or EBSCOhost to identify at least two articles to support your description of the problem. Apply the information from the sources to your identified issue/problem. What is the cause? What is the prevalence? Who does it affect? What is the cost? Discuss the impact on patient outcomes when this issue/problem exists.

Conclusion: Conclude your paper and summarize your clinical problem/issue and related literature review.

Dello Delli

Work type:          Blog post

Format:      MLA

Pages:        3 pages ( 825 words, Double spaced

Academic level:  Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)

Discipline:  Art (Fine arts, Performing arts)

Title: Dello Delli

Number of sources:     0

Paper instructions:     

Its about Dello Delli and the compare/contrast of his life and career to Giorgio Vasari, what makes him unique and what importance he holds in history regarding renaissance art. How It compares to renaissance art and what makes it stylistic, cultural or religious and also how it compares to the quality and context of Italian Renaissance.

https://web.archive.org/web/20171110202703/http://members.efn.org/~acd/vite/VasariDelli.html

stress management techniques

Reply to this second discussion in 100 words  with reference and intext ciation

1. Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about the stress management techniques they currently utilize.  What is the rationale for each question?
2.  
   1. What causes you stress?  The rational for this question according to the Mayo Clinic Staff (2021) is, “its important to understand a problem before you can successfully solve it” (para. 3).
   1. How do you typically handle your stress? The reason this is an important question is it will tell us what the patient is already doing, whether it is a healthy way of helping manage stress, and if they feel it is working for them. If it’s not a positive way to handle stress or they feel the technique, they are doing does not help we would be able to brainstorm on trying new techniques with them.
   1. Do you feel that the way you handle stress helps relieve the stress? This is important because we need to know if the patent feels like they are successfully handling the stressors in their life. If a patient does not feel that they can handle stress or what they are doing does not help it can cause a lot of emotional and physical issues if the stress is not resolved. By asking this question along with the others it gives us a full picture of what typically causes them stress, how they handle the stress on their own, and if they feel the technique they use are helping.

• Write 3 teaching topics you could share with a client to promote stress management.  What is the rationale for each teaching topic?
•  
  • Talk to someone. It helps to talk through things and not hold them all in by yourself. Sometimes all it takes is a different perspective or running through something out loud to help relieve stress (Brown, 2021, para. 74).
  • According to Brown (2021) another good teaching topic is to “Manage your time” (para. 54). By managing your time, it helps to not have our days consume us which can then become very overwhelming. “When we prioritize and organize our tasks, we create a less stressful and more enjoyable life” (Brown, 2021, para. 54).
  • I would also teach the importance of exercise and a balanced diet (Brown, 2021, para. 68).  According to Brown (2021) “making simple diet changes, such as reducing your alcohol, caffeine and sugar intake is a proven way of reducing anxiety” (para. 68).  Brown (2021) also stated “another guaranteed way to reduce stress is exercise” (para. 69).  Both of these actions help promote a healthy life both physically and emotionally.

• Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their support system including family and friends.  What is the rationale for each question?
•  
  • Are there any other people in your household besides yourself? If so, who are they? This question will tell us if our patient has people living with them in the house. It will also allow us to know who it is and help us gauge how much help and support they may get from the person they are living with.
  • Do your friends or family live close? If so, who and how far? This question helps us as nurses understand if our patient is isolated or have people close to them that they get to see more often. Being alone could cause a patient to not have as strong of a support group, yet if family and friends live nearby, they may stop in or get to see that individual more often causing them to have a better support system.
  • Do you feel you can talk to your friends and family when you are feeling stressed or overwhelmed? If so, does it help and if not why? These are important questions because even if the individual has family and friends around either living with them or seeing them outside of the home the individual may not feel they can talk to them for many reasons. Having people you trust and can open up with helps create a strong support system, it’s not just about how many people are around you. So, assessing whether or not they have people or a person they can talk to will help us know if we need to help with possibly finding someone they can talk to or that they feel they already have that outlet in their life.

Reference:

Brown, A. (2021, July 15). 62 Stress management techniques, strategies & activities.

PositivePsychology.com https://positivepsychology.com/stress-management-

techniques-tips-burn-out/

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2021, July 27). Problem-Solving techniques for stress management. Mayo

Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-

depth/stress-management/art-20044502

Religion grieving and Living Will

Order History

Type of service: Academic Writing

Work type:         Discussion Essay

Format:      APA

Pages:        2 pages ( 550 words, Double spaced

Academic level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Discipline: Nursing

Title: Writer’s choice

Number of sources:    0

Reply to this first discussion in 100 words  with reference and intext ciation

Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their religious and spiritual beliefs.  What is the rationale for each question?

Is there a church that you attend? This question would start the process of religion and be a start to to see if they are religious in that aspect. There are some people that don’t go to church regularly, but still consider them religious and have their own ways to practice their beliefs.

Do you believe in faith? Faith is a trust in a higher being, and having faith does tell a story about what the person believes. One example of faith is wanting something really bad, and working hard for it, knowing that it will come true eventually. I personally have faith in many things, and it gives me purpose to work hard and believe that it will come true.

Do you ever wonder what our purpose is here in earth? This could open interesting and deep discussion, but definitely would give some insight of their spiritual thoughts and beliefs. It may bring up their life challenges, their thoughts of existence, and maybe even their belief in medicine through the aspect of mental healing.

Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their past experiences with grief and loss.  What is the rationale for each question?

Have you ever lost someone close to you? Sometimes using the word lost can cause some emotional response, but most of the time it is better than the word died or death. If the client has experienced death close to them, they may discuss how it affected them and how they dealt with it. This can also open up their thoughts about spirituality and what happens to people after they die.

What are some ways you grieve? This could be due to something like the client’s favorite sports team losing, to losing a large amount of money, to losing a loved one whether it be a human or a pet. This could give a segway to discuss the various stages of grief, and what one may expect.

Write 3 teaching topics you could share with a client about advance directives including a living will and power of attorney.  What is the rationale for each teaching topic?

Discuss what a Living Will is. If the client has a Living Will, it can show that the client is planning for the future, and what they want done with their assets and even their healthcare. Families are encouraged to discuss this so that when the time comes that the client is unable to make their own decisions or in the case of sudden death, a Living Will is a legally binding document that explains the client’s wishes.

A Power of Attorney is important to establish in the situation that the client cannot make their own decisions regarding medical treatment or assets like property or finances. Understand that there are two different types of Powers of Attorney, and they both need to be named. If a client does not have a Power of Attorney for healthcare named, then it is the spouse of the client, or then the parent, or then the child. Every state is different, so I would want to make sure I explain the law in the state I am in.

Let’s talk about Do Not Resuscitate orders. Freewill describes a Do Not Resuscitate order, often shortened to DNR, as a document that tells healthcare providers that you don’t want to be resuscitated in the event of an emergency. In other words, you don’t want them to perform CPR if your breathing stops or your heart stops beating. A DNR order is signed by both you and your doctor, and is usually for patients with serious health conditions.

References

FreeWill. (2021, July 1). What is a DNR?

https://www.freewill.com/learn/what-is-a-dnr-orde

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Montaignes three essays To the Reader Of Cannibals and Of the Inconsistency of Our Actions

Work type:         Creative writing

Format:                APA

Academic level:                Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)

Discipline:            Literature

Title:      Writer’s choice

Number of sources:        1

Paper instructions:         

Topic for essay II

3 pages

Essay II: Attempt 1

Montaigne’s three essays “To the Reader,” “Of Cannibals,” and “Of the Inconsistency of Our Actions”

illuminate the difficulty of achieving total self knowledge, and/or self-mastery. In an organized essay demonstrate how Montaigne attempts to overcome this difficulty. Be sure to support your argument with cogent analysis of specific examples from all relevant texts. Papers that rely on opinions or generalizations will automatically receive a failing grade. Also please watch my lecture on writing essay II for further guidance.

CHAPTER 13 CONTENTS

Misconduct and Corruption

Explanations for Misconduct

Responses to Corruption

Conclusion

Chapter Review

Study Questions

Writing/Discussion Exercises

Key Terms

Ethical Dilemmas

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Explain the Zimbardo experiment and what it might imply for correctional professionals.
2. Describe types of misconduct by correctional officers, including the typology of misconduct by Souryal and McCarthy.
3. Describe types of misconduct by community corrections professionals.
4. Provide explanations for misconduct.
5. Present some suggestions to decrease misconduct by correctional professionals.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

This chapter examines various forms of misconduct by correctional professionals. Suggestions to reduce misconduct include ethics training and improving management. Restorative justice principles may help to improve the sense of mission and commitment to ethical behavior by correctional workers.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

LO 1: Explain the Zimbardo experiment and what it might imply for correctional professionals.

• Dr. Phillip Zimbardo conducted an infamous experiment on the grounds of Stanford University designed to explore the effects of power.
• College men were arbitrarily assigned to be correctional officers or inmates, and a mock prison was set up in the basement of a building on the grounds of Stanford University.
• The changes in both groups were so profound that the experiment was cancelled after six weeks. Officers became brutal and authoritarian, and prisoners became manipulative and exhibited signs of emotional distress and mental breakdown.
• The conclusion was that the environment itself caused people to act in ways that they would not otherwise.
• The pattern of a small group of officers who use violence as retaliation and to control inmates is repeated in several other prison and jail scandals across the country over the last several decades and the culture of prison tends to protect and support illegal violence and juries are not inclined to find guilt.

1. Misconduct and Corruption

LO 2: Describe types of misconduct by correctional officers, including the typology of misconduct by Souryal and McCarthy.

• McCarthy and Souryal discuss the major types of corruption by correctional officers and other officials in institutional corrections.
• Under misuse of authority, McCarthy details the following:
  • Accepting gratuities for special consideration during legitimate activities
  • Accepting gratuities for protection of illicit activities
  • Mistreatment/harassment or extortion of inmates
  • Mismanagement (e.g., prison industries)
  • Miscellaneous abuses
• Souryal (2009)describes the types of corruption as falling into the following categories:
  • Misfeasance—illegitimate acts done for personal gain
  • Malfeasance—acts that violate authority
  • Nonfeasance—acts of omission such as ignoring rule violations
• Bomse identifies different types of prisoner abuse as follows:
  • Malicious or purposeful abuse
  • Negligent abuse
  • Systemic or budgetary abuse
• If there is sexual misconduct, there is also smuggling. If there is physical abuse of inmates, there are also other forms of mistreatment.
• Sexual abuse of inmates, brutality, bribery at the highest levels, and drug smuggling all are reported with depressing regularity.

1. California
   1. California’s Department of Corrections has been, in the past, described as corrupt “from the top down” because investigations of wrongdoing seemed to be thwarted by powerful union leaders.

2. Florida
   1. Florida’s prison system is the third largest in the country, after California and Texas, with one of the highest rates of imprisonment.
   1. An entrenched culture and code of silence is very difficult to change, but it is even harder to gain success when there is a lack of commitment from state legislature to fund at a level that provides programming and safety for both inmates and officers.

3. New York
   1. The New York Department of Corrections and Community Services (DOCCS) has had a series of scandals in recent years, not the least of which was the escape from Clinton prison in 2015 by two prisons, aided by staff members and the negligence of others.
   1. The difficulty in removing problematic officers is exemplified by one officer in a woman’s prison who was investigated by the internal affairs unit four times between 2008 and 2012 on suspicion of sexual assault yet remained in his job.
   1. Only a strong oversight and discipline department has any chance of changing a culture where abuse of inmates is accepted.

4. Treatment Professionals
5. Most news items and academic articles describe misconduct in prisons by correctional officers, but there are instances where counselors and other treatment professionals also engage in misconduct.
6. Probably the most common issue for treatment and medical personnel is not providing the services that inmates are legally entitled to.
7. Medical personnel sometimes adopt the “penal harm” philosophy of corrections and deprive inmates of services because of a belief that they don’t deserve treatment.

5. Community Corrections
6. While most news items describe misconduct in prisons, there are also examples of ethical misconduct and criminal acts by community corrections professionals.
7. In response to scandals, there has been a proposal to fund body cameras for probation officers to protect them from allegations that they plant evidence or steal items from probationers’ homes.
8. The unfortunate reality is that a few people can taint the entire agency or program and, even though community correctional alternatives are sorely needed, programs will be eliminated if perceived as allowing violence, drug use, or other forms of misconduct to occur.

Media Tool-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted) What was the corrections officer accused of? What will happen to her? How did this misconduct come to light? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0B6hE0fsJ4

1. Explanations for Misconduct

LO 3: Describe types of misconduct by community corrections professionals.

LO 4: Provide explanations for misconduct.

1. Individual Explanations
2. Correctional managers attribute misconduct to low pay and poor screening during hiring.
3. Another individual explanation of misconduct is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
4. Many slide into corruption because of a lack of organizational support for ethical behavior.
5. The personal lives of correctional officers influence their professional ethics.
6. The discretion and authority inherent in the role of correctional, probation, or parole officer takes maturity to handle as well as a strong internal ethical code.

• Organizational Explanations
• When the abuse in Iraq’s Abu Ghraib prison was exposed, many made comparisons between the behaviors of military prison correctional officers and those of correctional officers in U.S. prisons.
• Allegations of misconduct in prisons and jails in the United States that were like what took place in Abu Ghraib include
  • male inmates being forced to wear pink underwear as punishment,
  • inmates being stripped as punishment,
  • inmates being made to wear black hoods, and
  • using dogs to attack inmates.
• The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America’s Prisons was created after the scandal at Abu Ghraib.
• The commission’s major finding was that a culture of violence needed to be replaced with a culture of mutual respect.
• The informal culture of a prison is created by administrators and staff. If administrators turn a blind eye to misconduct and excessive force, then COs will feel free to engage in such activity.
• Unions have been seen by researchers as a force resistant to rehabilitation, concerned only with individual benefits for members rather than the mission or goal of corrections.
• In their study, Stohr and colleagues found few significant correlates between values or attitudes and behavior.
• Mesloh and colleagues found that the existence of a deviant subculture among correctional officers affect misconduct.
• In cases of abuse in prison, the reasons seem to be a failure of leadership and lack of discipline, training, and supervision.
• Procedural justice includes the idea that the perception of legitimacy (of legal authorities) comes about when the elements of procedural justice are present and treatment is fair; specifically
  • participation (letting people speak),
  • neutrality (governing by rules neutrally and consistently),
  • dignity and respect, and
  • illustrate trustworthiness (authorities are sincerely concerned with well-being).
• The “trickle down” theory of ethical management is that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management—with fairness, compassion, and respect, or with less than fairness, respect, and compassion.

• Societal Explanations
• The community helps to create the correctional environment by their tacit or direct endorsement of the informal subcultural norm that inmates deserve less due process and legal protection than the rest of us.
• When criminal correctional officers are not prosecuted and simply fired, this provides a message that there are few costs involved in such misconduct.
• If society wants an ethical correctional system, then we must demand it and expect that even murderers will be treated according to the law.
• There is no ethical or legal justification for punishment that is not the product of formal due process and restrained by legal guidelines, regardless of what the inmate has done. No ethical system supports such conduct; even under utilitarianism, the cost to justice and due process is just too high.

What If Scenario-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted)

What if you were asked to participate in the Zimbardo experiment? Would the role you were asked to play affect your ethical outlook?

What If Scenario-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted)

What if someone said he or shedidn’t think organizational explanations really mattered, that it was all about the individual and the choices he or shemakes? How would yourespond?

1. Responses to Corruption

LO 5: Present some suggestions to decrease misconduct by correctional professionals.

• Correctional managers can and should generate a strong anti-corruption policy (obviously, managers should not be engaging in corrupt practices themselves). Such a policy would include
  • proactive measures such as mechanisms to investigate and detect wrongdoing,
  • reduced opportunities for corruption,
  • screening of employees using state-of-the-art psychological tools,
  • improved working conditions, and
  • providing good role models in the form of supervisors and administrators who follow the appropriate code of ethics.
• The Commission on Safety and Abuse in American Prisons developed a comprehensive list of recommendations to reduce the “culture of violence,” including the following:
  • Improve staffing levels, hiring, and training
  • Provide independent oversight for complaints and investigations of misconduct
  • Create a national database of violent incidents and misconduct
  • Increase access to the courts by repealing or amending the Prison Litigation Reform Act
  • Increase the level of criminal prosecution of wrongdoers (perhaps using federal prosecutions)
  • Strengthen professional standards
• Souryal discusses the “civility” of a correctional institution as being influenced by the level of education required for hire, the amount of in-service training officers receive, the policies regarding employees who act in unethical ways, and the presence of a professional association or union that can effectively monitor the agency’s practices.
• Wright offers seven principles as a guide for how administrators and supervisors should treat employees:
  • Safety
  • Fair treatment
  • Due process
  • Freedom of expression
  • Privacy
  • Participation in decision making
  • Information
• Burrell directs attention to probation and proposed that to prevent stress and burnout, probation (and parole) organizations should provide clear direction, manage proactively, establish priorities if there are high workloads, ensure stability and constancy, be consistent in expectations, manage with fairness, enforce accountability, delegate authority, provide proper resources, maintain communication, and allow participative decision making.
• Barrier and colleagues discussed an ethics training program with correctional officers, in which part of the training involved having the officers identify important elements of an ethics code. Many of the elements had to do with the practices of management rather than officers:
  • Treating all staff fairly and impartially
  • Promoting based on true merit
  • Showing no prejudice
  • Leading by example
  • Developing a clear mission statement
  • Creating a positive code of ethics (a list of dos, rather than don’ts)
  • Creating a culture that promotes performance, not seniority
  • Soliciting staff input on new policies
  • Being respectful
  • Getting the word out that upper management cares about ethics
• Administrators are responsible for what happens in their facility, and training, supervision, and careful attention to assignments can avoid many problems.
• In community corrections, there seems to be the same management tendency to hide or ignore wrongdoing on the part of individual officers.
• Another way to respond to misconduct and corruption in corrections is to shift the orientation away from punishment and retribution.

1. A New Era? Procedural Justice/Restorative Justice
2. The principles of procedural justice seem to show the most promise in reforming the prison culture.
3. A major shift in the ideology of punishment may be spurred by the economic burden that the penal harm era has generated, but there is also a moral element in that many advocates consider that the pendulum has swung too far toward severe prison terms, especially toward drug offenders.
4. The restorative justice movement is an approach that seeks to provide reparation rather retribution.
5. The historical origins of and analogies to restorative justice can be found throughout recorded history.
6. Peacemaking corrections offers an approach of care and of wholesight, or looking at what needs to be done with both the heart and the head.
7. Both restorative justice and peacemaking corrections are consistent with the ethics of care and might be considered “feminine” models of justice because of the emphasis on needs rather than retribution.
8. Programs under the rubric of restorative justice include sentencing circles, family group counseling, victim–offender mediation, community reparation boards, and victim education programs.
9. Dzur and Wertheimer discuss how restorative justice can further forgiveness, but they ask the question “Is forgiveness a social good?” They argue against the idea that what is good for the individual victim is also good for everyone else.
10. Restorative justice programs are looked upon with favor by some victims’ rights groups because of the idea of restoration and restitution for victims.
11. However, the approach is oriented to meeting the needs of victims and offenders, and in some cases it may be that the offender is needier.
12. Restorative justice programs may lead to a greater sense of mission for employees and, therefore, decrease burnout and misconduct. However, there are ethical issues with such programs.
13. Restorative justice programs would not be appropriate for all offenders; there will always be a need for incarceration facilities for the violent, recidivistic offenders who need to be incapacitated.

What If Scenario

What if you were the new warden of a prison that had very serious ethical problems in the past? What approach would you take to prevent future misconduct?

Media Tool-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted) What is this video about? What types of misconduct occurred? What kinds of reforms are being discussed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zcT4NOdeqs

1. Conclusion
2. This chapter examines various forms of misconduct by correctional professionals.
3. It was also noted that much of the misconduct might occur because of burnout and a loss of a sense of mission by professionals, as well as poor management. 
4. Responses to ethical misconduct and corruption in corrections lag behind the efforts previously reported in law enforcement. 
5. Suggestions include ethics training and improving management. 
6. Restorative justice principles may help to improve the sense of mission and commitment to ethical behavior by correctional workers.

KEY TERMS

misfeasance: Illegitimate acts done for personal gain.

malfeasance: Acts that violate authority.

nonfeasance: Acts of omission.

procedural justice: The idea that the perception of legitimacy of legal authorities comes about when legal authorities practice fairness, participation, neutrality, respect, and illustrate trustworthiness.

peacemaking corrections: An approach to corrections that depends on care and wholesight, or looking at what needs to be done with both the heart and the head.