December 2021 – Page 4 – mystudenthelp

Write 3 teaching topics you could share with a client about advance directives including a living will and power of attorney. What is the rationale for each teaching topic?

Discuss what a Living Will is. If the client has a Living Will, it can show that the client is planning for the future, and what they want done with their assets and even their healthcare. Families are encouraged to discuss this so that when the time comes that the client is unable to make their own decisions or in the case of sudden death, a Living Will is a legally binding document that explains the client’s wishes.

A Power of Attorney is important to establish in the situation that the client cannot make their own decisions regarding medical treatment or assets like property or finances. Understand that there are two different types of Powers of Attorney, and they both need to be named. If a client does not have a Power of Attorney for healthcare named, then it is the spouse of the client, or then the parent, or then the child. Every state is different, so I would want to make sure I explain the law in the state I am in.

Let’s talk about Do Not Resuscitate orders. Freewill describes a Do Not Resuscitate order, often shortened to DNR, as a document that tells healthcare providers that you don’t want to be resuscitated in the event of an emergency. In other words, you don’t want them to perform CPR if your breathing stops or your heart stops beating. A DNR order is signed by both you and your doctor, and is usually for patients with serious health conditions.

References

FreeWill. (2021, July 1). What is a DNR?

https://www.freewill.com/learn/what-is-a-dnr-orde

Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their past experiences with grief and loss. What is the rationale for each question?

Have you ever lost someone close to you? Sometimes using the word lost can cause some emotional response, but most of the time it is better than the word died or death. If the client has experienced death close to them, they may discuss how it affected them and how they dealt with it. This can also open up their thoughts about spirituality and what happens to people after they die.

What are some ways you grieve? This could be due to something like the client’s favorite sports team losing, to losing a large amount of money, to losing a loved one whether it be a human or a pet. This could give a segway to discuss the various stages of grief, and what one may expect.

Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their religious and spiritual beliefs. What is the rationale for each question?

Is there a church that you attend? This question would start the process of religion and be a start to to see if they are religious in that aspect. There are some people that don’t go to church regularly, but still consider them religious and have their own ways to practice their beliefs.

Do you believe in faith? Faith is a trust in a higher being, and having faith does tell a story about what the person believes. One example of faith is wanting something really bad, and working hard for it, knowing that it will come true eventually. I personally have faith in many things, and it gives me purpose to work hard and believe that it will come true.

Do you ever wonder what our purpose is here in earth? This could open interesting and deep discussion, but definitely would give some insight of their spiritual thoughts and beliefs. It may bring up their life challenges, their thoughts of existence, and maybe even their belief in medicine through the aspect of mental healing.

Religion grieving and Living Will

Religion grieving and Living Will

Order History

Type of service: Academic Writing

Work type: Discussion Essay

Format: APA

Pages: 2 pages ( 550 words, Double spaced

Academic level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Discipline: Nursing

Title: Writer’s choice

Number of sources: 0

Reply to this first discussion in 100 words with reference and intext ciation

Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their religious and spiritual beliefs. What is the rationale for each question?

Write 3 unique questions you would ask a client to obtain further information about their past experiences with grief and loss. What is the rationale for each question?

Write 3 teaching topics you could share with a client about advance directives including a living will and power of attorney. What is the rationale for each teaching topic?

References

FreeWill. (2021, July 1). What is a DNR?

https://www.freewill.com/learn/what-is-a-dnr-orde

Montaignes three essays To the Reader Of Cannibals and Of the Inconsistency of Our Actions

Work type: Creative writing

Format: APA

Academic level: Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)

Discipline: Literature

Title: Writer’s choice

Number of sources: 1

Paper instructions:

Topic for essay II

3 pages

Essay II: Attempt 1

Montaigne’s three essays “To the Reader,” “Of Cannibals,” and “Of the Inconsistency of Our Actions”

illuminate the difficulty of achieving total self knowledge, and/or self-mastery. In an organized essay demonstrate how Montaigne attempts to overcome this difficulty.

Be sure to support your argument with cogent analysis of specific examples from all relevant texts. Papers that rely on opinions or generalizations will automatically receive a failing grade. Also please watch my lecture on writing essay II for further guidance.

suggestions to decrease misconduct by correctional professionals.

Responses to Corruption

LO 5: Present some suggestions to decrease misconduct by correctional professionals.

Correctional managers can and should generate a strong anti-corruption policy (obviously, managers should not be engaging in corrupt practices themselves). Such a policy would include
- proactive measures such as mechanisms to investigate and detect wrongdoing,
- reduced opportunities for corruption,
- screening of employees using state-of-the-art psychological tools,
- improved working conditions, and
- providing good role models in the form of supervisors and administrators who follow the appropriate code of ethics.
The Commission on Safety and Abuse in American Prisons developed a comprehensive list of recommendations to reduce the “culture of violence,” including the following:
- Improve staffing levels, hiring, and training
- Provide independent oversight for complaints and investigations of misconduct
- Create a national database of violent incidents and misconduct
- Increase access to the courts by repealing or amending the Prison Litigation Reform Act
- Increase the level of criminal prosecution of wrongdoers (perhaps using federal prosecutions)
- Strengthen professional standards
Souryal discusses the “civility” of a correctional institution as being influenced by the level of education required for hire, the amount of in-service training officers receive, the policies regarding employees who act in unethical ways, and the presence of a professional association or union that can effectively monitor the agency’s practices.
Wright offers seven principles as a guide for how administrators and supervisors should treat employees:
- Safety
- Fair treatment
- Due process
- Freedom of expression
- Privacy
- Participation in decision making
- Information
Burrell directs attention to probation and proposed that to prevent stress and burnout, probation (and parole) organizations should provide clear direction, manage proactively, establish priorities if there are high workloads, ensure stability and constancy, be consistent in expectations, manage with fairness, enforce accountability, delegate authority, provide proper resources, maintain communication, and allow participative decision making.
Barrier and colleagues discussed an ethics training program with correctional officers, in which part of the training involved having the officers identify important elements of an ethics code. Many of the elements had to do with the practices of management rather than officers:
- Treating all staff fairly and impartially
- Promoting based on true merit
- Showing no prejudice
- Leading by example
- Developing a clear mission statement
- Creating a positive code of ethics (a list of dos, rather than don’ts)
- Creating a culture that promotes performance, not seniority
- Soliciting staff input on new policies
- Being respectful
- Getting the word out that upper management cares about ethics
Administrators are responsible for what happens in their facility, and training, supervision, and careful attention to assignments can avoid many problems.
In community corrections, there seems to be the same management tendency to hide or ignore wrongdoing on the part of individual officers.
Another way to respond to misconduct and corruption in corrections is to shift the orientation away from punishment and retribution.

A New Era? Procedural Justice/Restorative Justice
The principles of procedural justice seem to show the most promise in reforming the prison culture.
A major shift in the ideology of punishment may be spurred by the economic burden that the penal harm era has generated, but there is also a moral element in that many advocates consider that the pendulum has swung too far toward severe prison terms, especially toward drug offenders.
The restorative justice movement is an approach that seeks to provide reparation rather retribution.
The historical origins of and analogies to restorative justice can be found throughout recorded history.
Peacemaking corrections offers an approach of care and of wholesight, or looking at what needs to be done with both the heart and the head.
Both restorative justice and peacemaking corrections are consistent with the ethics of care and might be considered “feminine” models of justice because of the emphasis on needs rather than retribution.
Programs under the rubric of restorative justice include sentencing circles, family group counseling, victim–offender mediation, community reparation boards, and victim education programs.
Dzur and Wertheimer discuss how restorative justice can further forgiveness, but they ask the question “Is forgiveness a social good?” They argue against the idea that what is good for the individual victim is also good for everyone else.
Restorative justice programs are looked upon with favor by some victims’ rights groups because of the idea of restoration and restitution for victims.
However, the approach is oriented to meeting the needs of victims and offenders, and in some cases it may be that the offender is needier.
Restorative justice programs may lead to a greater sense of mission for employees and, therefore, decrease burnout and misconduct. However, there are ethical issues with such programs.
Restorative justice programs would not be appropriate for all offenders; there will always be a need for incarceration facilities for the violent, recidivistic offenders who need to be incapacitated.

What If Scenario

What if you were the new warden of a prison that had very serious ethical problems in the past? What approach would you take to prevent future misconduct?

Media Tool-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted) What is this video about? What types of misconduct occurred? What kinds of reforms are being discussed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zcT4NOdeqs

Conclusion
This chapter examines various forms of misconduct by correctional professionals.
It was also noted that much of the misconduct might occur because of burnout and a loss of a sense of mission by professionals, as well as poor management.
Responses to ethical misconduct and corruption in corrections lag behind the efforts previously reported in law enforcement.
Suggestions include ethics training and improving management.
Restorative justice principles may help to improve the sense of mission and commitment to ethical behavior by correctional workers.

KEY TERMS

misfeasance: Illegitimate acts done for personal gain.

malfeasance: Acts that violate authority.

nonfeasance: Acts of omission.

procedural justice: The idea that the perception of legitimacy of legal authorities comes about when legal authorities practice fairness, participation, neutrality, respect, and illustrate trustworthiness.

peacemaking corrections: An approach to corrections that depends on care and wholesight, or looking at what needs to be done with both the heart and the head.

Correctional Professionals: Misconduct and Responses

Correctional Professionals: Misconduct and Responses

CHAPTER 13 CONTENTS

Misconduct and Corruption

Explanations for Misconduct

Responses to Corruption

Conclusion

Chapter Review

Study Questions

Writing/Discussion Exercises

Key Terms

Ethical Dilemmas

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Explain the Zimbardo experiment and what it might imply for correctional professionals.
Describe types of misconduct by correctional officers, including the typology of misconduct by Souryal and McCarthy.
Describe types of misconduct by community corrections professionals.
Provide explanations for misconduct.
Present some suggestions to decrease misconduct by correctional professionals.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

This chapter examines various forms of misconduct by correctional professionals. Suggestions to reduce misconduct include ethics training and improving management. Restorative justice principles may help to improve the sense of mission and commitment to ethical behavior by correctional workers.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

LO 1: Explain the Zimbardo experiment and what it might imply for correctional professionals.

Dr. Phillip Zimbardo conducted an infamous experiment on the grounds of Stanford University designed to explore the effects of power.
College men were arbitrarily assigned to be correctional officers or inmates, and a mock prison was set up in the basement of a building on the grounds of Stanford University.
The changes in both groups were so profound that the experiment was cancelled after six weeks. Officers became brutal and authoritarian, and prisoners became manipulative and exhibited signs of emotional distress and mental breakdown.
The conclusion was that the environment itself caused people to act in ways that they would not otherwise.
The pattern of a small group of officers who use violence as retaliation and to control inmates is repeated in several other prison and jail scandals across the country over the last several decades and the culture of prison tends to protect and support illegal violence and juries are not inclined to find guilt.

Misconduct and Corruption

LO 2: Describe types of misconduct by correctional officers, including the typology of misconduct by Souryal and McCarthy.

McCarthy and Souryal discuss the major types of corruption by correctional officers and other officials in institutional corrections.
Under misuse of authority, McCarthy details the following:
- Accepting gratuities for special consideration during legitimate activities
- Accepting gratuities for protection of illicit activities
- Mistreatment/harassment or extortion of inmates
- Mismanagement (e.g., prison industries)
- Miscellaneous abuses
Souryal (2009)describes the types of corruption as falling into the following categories:
- Misfeasance—illegitimate acts done for personal gain
- Malfeasance—acts that violate authority
- Nonfeasance—acts of omission such as ignoring rule violations
Bomse identifies different types of prisoner abuse as follows:
- Malicious or purposeful abuse
- Negligent abuse
- Systemic or budgetary abuse
If there is sexual misconduct, there is also smuggling. If there is physical abuse of inmates, there are also other forms of mistreatment.
Sexual abuse of inmates, brutality, bribery at the highest levels, and drug smuggling all are reported with depressing regularity.

California
1. California’s Department of Corrections has been, in the past, described as corrupt “from the top down” because investigations of wrongdoing seemed to be thwarted by powerful union leaders.

Florida
1. Florida’s prison system is the third largest in the country, after California and Texas, with one of the highest rates of imprisonment.
1. An entrenched culture and code of silence is very difficult to change, but it is even harder to gain success when there is a lack of commitment from state legislature to fund at a level that provides programming and safety for both inmates and officers.

New York
1. The New York Department of Corrections and Community Services (DOCCS) has had a series of scandals in recent years, not the least of which was the escape from Clinton prison in 2015 by two prisons, aided by staff members and the negligence of others.
1. The difficulty in removing problematic officers is exemplified by one officer in a woman’s prison who was investigated by the internal affairs unit four times between 2008 and 2012 on suspicion of sexual assault yet remained in his job.
1. Only a strong oversight and discipline department has any chance of changing a culture where abuse of inmates is accepted.

Treatment Professionals
Most news items and academic articles describe misconduct in prisons by correctional officers, but there are instances where counselors and other treatment professionals also engage in misconduct.
Probably the most common issue for treatment and medical personnel is not providing the services that inmates are legally entitled to.
Medical personnel sometimes adopt the “penal harm” philosophy of corrections and deprive inmates of services because of a belief that they don’t deserve treatment.

Community Corrections
While most news items describe misconduct in prisons, there are also examples of ethical misconduct and criminal acts by community corrections professionals.
In response to scandals, there has been a proposal to fund body cameras for probation officers to protect them from allegations that they plant evidence or steal items from probationers’ homes.
The unfortunate reality is that a few people can taint the entire agency or program and, even though community correctional alternatives are sorely needed, programs will be eliminated if perceived as allowing violence, drug use, or other forms of misconduct to occur.

Media Tool-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted) What was the corrections officer accused of? What will happen to her? How did this misconduct come to light? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0B6hE0fsJ4

Explanations for Misconduct

LO 3: Describe types of misconduct by community corrections professionals.

LO 4: Provide explanations for misconduct.

Individual Explanations
Correctional managers attribute misconduct to low pay and poor screening during hiring.
Another individual explanation of misconduct is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Many slide into corruption because of a lack of organizational support for ethical behavior.
The personal lives of correctional officers influence their professional ethics.
The discretion and authority inherent in the role of correctional, probation, or parole officer takes maturity to handle as well as a strong internal ethical code.

Organizational Explanations
When the abuse in Iraq’s Abu Ghraib prison was exposed, many made comparisons between the behaviors of military prison correctional officers and those of correctional officers in U.S. prisons.
Allegations of misconduct in prisons and jails in the United States that were like what took place in Abu Ghraib include
- male inmates being forced to wear pink underwear as punishment,
- inmates being stripped as punishment,
- inmates being made to wear black hoods, and
- using dogs to attack inmates.
The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America’s Prisons was created after the scandal at Abu Ghraib.
The commission’s major finding was that a culture of violence needed to be replaced with a culture of mutual respect.
The informal culture of a prison is created by administrators and staff. If administrators turn a blind eye to misconduct and excessive force, then COs will feel free to engage in such activity.
Unions have been seen by researchers as a force resistant to rehabilitation, concerned only with individual benefits for members rather than the mission or goal of corrections.
In their study, Stohr and colleagues found few significant correlates between values or attitudes and behavior.
Mesloh and colleagues found that the existence of a deviant subculture among correctional officers affect misconduct.
In cases of abuse in prison, the reasons seem to be a failure of leadership and lack of discipline, training, and supervision.
Procedural justice includes the idea that the perception of legitimacy (of legal authorities) comes about when the elements of procedural justice are present and treatment is fair; specifically
- participation (letting people speak),
- neutrality (governing by rules neutrally and consistently),
- dignity and respect, and
- illustrate trustworthiness (authorities are sincerely concerned with well-being).
The “trickle down” theory of ethical management is that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management—with fairness, compassion, and respect, or with less than fairness, respect, and compassion.

Societal Explanations
The community helps to create the correctional environment by their tacit or direct endorsement of the informal subcultural norm that inmates deserve less due process and legal protection than the rest of us.
When criminal correctional officers are not prosecuted and simply fired, this provides a message that there are few costs involved in such misconduct.
If society wants an ethical correctional system, then we must demand it and expect that even murderers will be treated according to the law.
There is no ethical or legal justification for punishment that is not the product of formal due process and restrained by legal guidelines, regardless of what the inmate has done. No ethical system supports such conduct; even under utilitarianism, the cost to justice and due process is just too high.

What If Scenario-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted)

What if you were asked to participate in the Zimbardo experiment? Would the role you were asked to play affect your ethical outlook?

What If Scenario-(Individual Non-Graded Critical Thinking Exercise/Activity)(Not Submitted)

What if someone said he or shedidn’t think organizational explanations really mattered, that it was all about the individual and the choices he or shemakes? How would yourespond?

Domestic violence Research proposal

Type of service: Academic Writing

Work type: Research proposal

Format: APA

Pages: 5 pages ( 1375 words, Double spaced

Academic level: Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)

Discipline: Social Work and Human Services

Title: Research Proposal: Domestic violence

Number of sources: 3

Paper instructions:

Research Proposal: Domestic violence.

The written research proposal will be created based on a narrowly defined aspect of the topic selected in Week One. A research proposal is a detailed plan for a specific study to be conducted at a future time. It is the document which potential researchers typically submit to an institutional review board (IRB) for ethical review and approval, and/or to funding agencies to secure financial support for a research effort. Because it is a plan for research which has not yet been conducted, the Methods section should be written in the future tense and should not contain any hypothetical results. The paper must address all of the components required in the Methods section of a research proposal. The following actions must be completed. State the research question and/or hypothesis. Briefly compare the characteristics of the major research paradigms used in previous studies on the chosen topic. Introduce the specific approach (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods), research design, sampling strategy, data collection procedures, and data analysis techniques to be used in this study. Provide a short explanation as to why the selected procedures are more feasible than other alternatives for the research topic. Describe any relevant variables, measures, and statistical tests. Apply ethical principles and professional standards to the proposed psychological research. Provide an analysis of any ethical issues that may arise and explain how these issues will be resolved. The following headings for the required sections and subsections must appear in the paper. In accordance with APA style, all references listed must be cited in the text of the paper.

Introduction

Introduce the research topic, explain why it is important, and present an appropriately and narrowly defined research question and/or hypothesis.

Literature Review

Evaluate the published research on the chosen topic including a minimum of three peer-reviewed articles. Summarize the current state of knowledge on the topic, making reference to the findings of previous research studies. Briefly mention the research methods that have previously been used to study the topic. State whether the proposed 11/23/21, 5:50 PM Week 6 – Research Proposal https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/92760/assignments/1820180?module_item_id=4697625 2/4 study is a replication of a previous study or a new approach employing methods that have not been used before. Be sure to properly cite all sources in APA style.

Methods Design –

Create a feasible research design that incorporates appropriate methods to address the topic. Indicate whether the approach of the proposed study is qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods. Identify the specific research design, and indicate whether it is experimental or non-experimental. Evaluate the chosen design and explain why this design is feasible and appropriate for the topic and how it will provide the information needed to answer the research question. Cite sources on research methodology to support these choices. Include a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources. Participants – Identify and describe the sampling strategy to be used to recruit participants for the study. Estimate the number of participants needed, and explain why this sampling method is appropriate for the research design and approach.

Procedure/Measures –

Apply the scientific method by describing the steps to be taken in carrying out the study. Identify any test, questionnaire, or measurement instrument to be utilized. If an existing published instrument will be employed, briefly describe it and cite the source. If an original questionnaire, survey, or test will be created for the project, describe the types of information that will be collected with it and explain how the validity and reliability of the instrument will be established. If such an instrument will not be used, describe how the data will be collected for the study.

Data Analysis –

Describe the statistical techniques (if quantitative) or the analysis procedure (if qualitative) to be used to analyze the data. Cite at least one peer reviewed source on the chosen analysis technique.

Ethical Issues –

Analyze the impact of ethical concerns on the proposed study, such as confidentiality, deception, informed consent, potential harm to participants, conflict of interest, IRB approval, etc. After analyzing the ethical issues that apply to the project, indicate what will be done to handle these concerns.

Conclusion

Briefly summarize the major points of the paper and reiterate why the proposed study is needed. Attention Students: The Masters of Arts in Psychology program is utilizing the Folio portfolio tool as a repository for student scholarly work in the form of signature assignments completed within the program. After receiving feedback for this Research Proposal, please implement any changes recommended by the instructor, go to your Folio account and upload the revised Research Proposal to the portfolio. Use the Setting Up and Using Folio (https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/99a6a3d9-083a-46da-96ba5ee4481323e7/1/Setting%20Up%20and%20Using%20Folio.pdf) guide to create an account if you do 11/23/21, 5:50 PM Week 6 – Research Proposal https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/92760/assignments/1820180?module_item_id=4697625 3/4 not already have one.

The upload of signature assignments will take place after completing each course. Be certain to upload revised signature assignments throughout the program as the portfolio and its contents will be used in other courses and may be used by individual students as a professional resource tool. The Research Proposal Must be five to seven double-spaced pages (excluding title page and references page) in length and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center (http://writingcenter.uagc.edu/introduction-apa) .

Must include a title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought and provide a thorough explanation of all required issues. Must utilize a minimum of six peer-reviewed sources from the University of Arizona Global Campus Library. Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Writing Center. Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center (http://writingcenter.uagc.edu/introduction-apa) . Carefully review the Grading Rubric (http://ashford.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/17257/preview) for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment. Stuck on a problem? Don’t skip that assignment – click the button to chat with a live tutor. It is free and here to help you now. Waypoint Assignment Submission The assignments in this course will be submitted to Waypoint. Please refer to the instructions below to submit your assignment. 11/23/21, 5:50 PM Week 6 – Research Proposal https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/92760/assignments/1820180?module_item_id=4697625 4/4 This tool needs to be loaded in a new browser window 1. Click on the Assignment Submission button below. The Waypoint “Student Dashboard” will open in a new browser window. 2. Browse for your assignment. 3. Click Upload. 4. Confirm that your assignment was successfully submitted by viewing the appropriate week’s assignment tab in Waypoint. For more detailed instructions, refer to the Waypoint Tutorial (https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/dc358708-3d2b-41a6-a000- ff53b3cc3794/1/Waypoint%20Tutorial.pdf) . Load Week 6 – Research Proposal in a new window

corruption within the correctional system

Type of service: Academic Writing

Work type: Discussion Essay

Format: APA

Pages: 1 pages ( 275 words, Double spaced

Academic level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Discipline: Criminal Justice

Title: corruption Assignment 4

Number of sources: 0

Paper instructions:

For this week’s corruption assignment, select an article relevant that describes a situation of corruption within the correctional system and explain why.

corruption Assignment 4

Type of service: Academic Writing

Work type: Discussion Essay

Format: APA

Pages: 1 pages ( 275 words, Double spaced

Academic level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Discipline: Criminal Justice

Title: corruption Assignment 4

Number of sources: 0

Paper instructions:

For this week’s corruption assignment, select an article relevant that describes a situation of corruption within the correctional system and explain why.