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CMIT 321 Executive Proposal Project

Type of document Research Paper

4 Pages

Subject area IT Management

Academic Level Master

Style APA

Number of references 5

Order description:

CMIT 321 Executive Proposal Project

The purpose of this project is to evaluate the student’s ability to research and evaluate security testing software and present a proposal for review by executive team members. By completing the document the student will also gain practical knowledge of the security evaluation documentation and proposal writing process. The project will enable the student to identify and understand the required standards in practice, as well as the details that should be covered within a proposal.

Project Deliverable

Using the Case Study presented in this document, to complete an executive proposal.
Provide a three to five page proposal summarizing purpose and benefit of chosen security software to the executive management team.
The student will evaluate and test security testing software for purposes of testing corporate network security. The purpose of the software is to measure the security posture of the organization by identifying vulnerabilities and help prevent future attacks and deter any real-time unknown threats.
The proposal should effectively describe the software in a manner that will allow the executive team members to understand the purpose and benefits of the software to approve purchase.

Guidelines

Evaluate and select a security tool for recommendation that you learned about in the iLabs modules or the EC-Council text books.
The proposal document must be 3 to 5 pages long, conforming to APA standards. See “Writing Resources” in the online classroom where you’ll find help on writing for research projects.
At least three authoritative, outside references are required (anonymous authors or web pages are not acceptable). These should be listed on the last page titled “References.”
Appropriate citations are required. See the syllabus regarding plagiarism policies.
This will be graded on quality of research topic, quality of paper information, use of citations, grammar and sentence structure, and creativity.
The paper is due during Week 7 of this course.

Project Description

The purpose of project is to write an executive proposal for a fictitious company called Medical Solutions Systems. The goal of the proposal is to persuade the executive management team to approve purchase of security testing software that can benefit the company’s corporate network security by testing and identifying vulnerabilities before they are exploited by hackers. The proposal must include a detailed description of the software, its purpose and benefits.

Suggested Approach

Research a security testing software tool that you practiced using in the EC-Council iLabs or from the textbook.
Determine whether the tool would be beneficial in testing the security of a corporate network.
Use the vendor’s website to collect necessary information about the tool to be able to explain its purpose and benefit.
Include 3rd party endorsements and case studies about the tool.
Integrate the information from your own experience with the tool into your proposal. This may include results from the iLab exercises or your own test lab.

Company Description

Medical Solutions Systems

Medical Solutions Systems is a startup medical research and development company. After five years of extraordinary success in the development of innovative medical and pharmaceutical products, Medical Solutions Systems is on its way to becoming a major player in the medical research and development industry. However, due to its success, Medical Solutions Systems has also become a major target of cybercriminals. Medical Solutions Systems has been the victim of cybercriminal attempts to steal intellectual property and sell it to Medical Solutions Systems’ competitors. It is suspected that the corporate network has been infiltrated from unauthorized sources more than once. In 2013, Medical Solutions Systems was falsely accused of unethical research and development practices. The false allegations resulted in the defacement of Medical Solutions Systems’ public website and several Denial of Service attacks at different times over a 9 month period that brought the corporate network to its knees. These attacks had a major impact on Medical Solutions Systems’ ability to conduct business and resulted in undesirable publicity for the company.

Regardless of its security problems, Medical Solutions Systems has continued to grow as a company. Its research and development departments have grown over the years, due to the expansion of the company, in proportion to the increase in its business making up over 40% of the human resources. Medical Solutions Systems’ innovative research and development information is paramount to its continued success as a company. Although, no known attacks have occurred in last 18 months, the security of its network and intellectual property is still a major concern for the company. Because Medical Solutions Systems is a still fairly young company, management has been hesitant to budget for expensive security projects. However, this point of view is beginning to change. Particularly, because one of Medical Solutions Systems’ competitors, a major player in the medical research and development industry for over 40 years, experienced a loss of hundreds of millions of dollars in research data that was stolen from its corporate network by cyber thieves.

Background and your role

You are the IT Manager hired in 2015 to manage the physical and operational security of Medical Solutions Systems’ corporate information system. You understand information security issues better than anyone else in the company. You also know that the network is vulnerable to outside threats because it has experienced attacks in the past and because you haven’t had the resources to properly test the corporate information system to identify the vulnerabilities that might exist and take action prevent possible attacks. You have a responsibility to bring these concerns to the attention of the executive team and ask for approval to purchase the necessary testing software.

Your education and training have introduced you to variety of security tools for testing computer and network security. The majority of these tools you either only read about or have practiced using in lab environment. You have decided to research some of these tools and test them out in your own lab environment and choose one for recommendation to executive team.

You will need to present information that proves the chosen tool will be beneficial to the security of corporate information system. To accomplish this you will need to research the product, if possible, test the product in a virtual lab environment. If the tool is part of your iLab exercise, it is recommended that you practice using and testing the tool beyond the scope of the lab exercise. Based on your research and analysis, you will include this information in your proposal in way that the executive staff can understand and allowing them to make an informed decision to approve purchase of the product.

The executive management team of Medical Solutions Systems:

The proposal should include:

Detailed description of the software and benefits.
Include reviews, case studies and customer recommendations
Include your own hands-on experience with the tool and test results
Cost of product. Include additional costs such as training or hardware software that might be needed in order to properly deploy manage and maintain the software.
How will the software impact the production environment? For example, the software may test for Denial of Service attacks. You need to explain any interruptions the test may have on business operations. You need to justify the need for such a test. Also explain how to you plan to minimize or prevent possible production outages.

The software should test for one or more of the following types of attacks:

Denial of Service (DoS)
Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
Authentication Bypass
Directory Traversal
Session Management
SQL injection
Database Attacks
Password Attacks
Firewall/Router Attacks
Operating System Attacks

Corporate Office Network Topology

The Medical Solutions Systems main research and development facility is located in Reston Virginia. You have concerns about the sensitive information that is stored at this location as well as data that transmitted over the WAN to Medical Solutions Systems’ New York City headquarters location, business partners and clients. The Reston facility is also where the Medical Solutions Systems data center is located. The data center is where Medical Solutions Systems’ public website, email, databases and corporate intranet are hosted. The environment contains a mix of Microsoft and *NIX technologies.

45 Windows 2012 Servers
13 Windows 2008 Servers
15 UNIX Servers
2200 Windows 8 Desktops
Web Servers: Apache and IIS
Services: FTP, SMTP, DNS, DHCP, VPN
Database: SQL, Oracle and MySQL
Network: Cisco Routers and Firewalls

Grading Rubrics

Final Deliverable

Category Points % Description

Documentation and Formatting 10 10% Appropriate APA citations/referenced sources and formats of characters/content.

Software Research 20 20% Accurate Completion of Software Research

Software Analysis 20 20% Accurate Completion of Software Analysis

Executive Proposal 50 50% Provide proposal for purchase

Total 100 100% A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders – Advanced Pharmacology week 7 response 1

Type of document Essay

1 Page

Subject area

Pharmacology Academic Level Master

Style APA

Number of references 4

Order description:

Please respond to Barnabys post in one of the following ways and use the readings and resources as at least 2 resources

Post

Barnaby Urias

DQ 7- Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

COLLAPSE

Professor and Class,

The liver is a large, spongy organ that lies in the upper-right abdomen. Regarded as primarily part of the digestive system because it manufactures bile, the liver has many other functions, including the synthesis of blood-clotting factors and the detoxification of such harmful substances as alcohol. Cirrhosis describes the fibrous scar tissue (or nodules) that replaces the normally soft liver after repeated long-term injury by toxins such as alcohol or viruses. The liver may form small nodules (micronodular cirrhosis), large nodules (macronodular cirrhosis), or a combination of the two types (mixed nodular cirrhosis). Cirrhosis is a frequent cause of death among middle-aged men, and increasingly among women. While alcoholism is the most common cause, chronic hepatitis and other rarer diseases can also produce the irreversible liver damage that characterizes cirrhosis. The resulting organ is shrunken and hard, unable to perform its varied duties. Because of its altered structure, the cirrhotic liver causes serious problems for surrounding organs, as blood flow becomes difficult. The barrier to normal circulation leads to two serious complications: portal hypertension (the buildup of pressure in the internal veins) and ascites (fluid leakage from blood vessels into the abdominal cavity) (Rizzo, 2013).

Cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. It accounted for 29,165 deaths in 2007, with a mortality rate of 9.7 per 100,000 persons. Alcohol abuse and viral hepatitis are the most common causes of cirrhosis, although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as an increasingly important cause. Primary care physicians share responsibility with specialists in managing the most common complications of the disease, screening for hepatocellular carcinoma, and preparing patients for referral to a transplant center (Starr, 2011).

Pathophysiology

Histologically, the disease is reflected as a granulomatous lymphocytic cholangitis that consequently leads to small bile duct loss and cholestasis. Progressive disease is characterized by the development of a biliary cirrhosis, with end-stage features of liver disease ultimately impacting patient outcomes (Corrigan, 2015).

Causes

Causes of hepatic encephalopathy include constipation, infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, certain medications, electrolyte imbalances, and non-compliance with medical therapy (Starr, 2011).

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis include abdominal swelling, jaundice, and gastrointestinal bleeding (Starr, 2011). In its early stages, cirrhosis often has no symptoms. But as liver cells die, the organ makes less of the proteins that regulate fluid retention and blood clotting and loses its ability to metabolize the pigment bilirubin. This causes symptoms and complications that include: fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, weakness, weight loss, fluid accumulation in the legs (edema) and abdomen (ascites), Increased bleeding and bruising, jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, itching, and confusion. As damage increases, the liver fails to detoxify the blood and becomes less able to metabolize many medications, which magnifies their effects. Eventually, toxins build up in the brain. These changes can produce: increased sensitivity to drugs, personality and behavioral changes, including confusion, neglect of appearance, forgetfulness, trouble concentrating and changes in sleep habits, loss of consciousness, and coma. Scarring also impedes blood flow and increases pressure in the portal vein, which moves blood from the stomach to the liver. This condition is called portal hypertension. Blood vessels in the stomach and esophagus swell, and the body creates new ones in an attempt to bypass the liver. These vessels, called varices, have thin walls. If one bursts, the resulting hemorrhage (major bleeding) can cause death within hours if not treated (Drugs, 2012).

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is usually made from a history of alcoholism. A physical examination may reveal jaundice; a large nodular liver or a small shrunken one, depending upon the stage; or a fluid-filled abdomen (ascites). Laboratory studies may show elevated liver enzymes released from damaged cells and low levels of products that the liver normally produces (protein, clotting factors). A definitive diagnosis can be made only by biopsy, although radiographic methods such as computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be quite conclusive (Rizzo, 2013).

Treatment

Specific medical therapies may be applied to many liver diseases in order to alleviate symptoms and primarily to avoid or delay the development of cirrhosis. Examples include prednisone and azathioprine for autoimmune hepatitis, interferon and other antiviral agents for hepatitis B and C, phlebotomy for hemochromatosis, ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis, and trientine and zinc for Wilson disease. These therapies become progressively less effective if chronic liver disease evolves into cirrhosis. Once cirrhosis develops, treatment is aimed at the management of complications as they arise. Certainly, variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy are among the most serious complications experienced by patients with cirrhosis. However, attention also must be paid to patients’ chronic constitutional complaints (Alaqaili, 2017).

Management

Screening for chronic liver disease is a key factor for early detection of signs for liver damage, which can be performed inexpensively and easily with clinical history-taking, measurement of transaminase concentrations, upper abdominal ultrasonography, and transient elastography (where available). Abnormal findings should prompt specific diagnostic testing to determine the etiology of the underlying disease. In most patients, the dynamic process of progressive fibrosis, which could ultimately lead to cirrhosis, can be interrupted by the timely recognition of the risk, followed by appropriate treatment (Alaqaili, 2017).

Case Study

In the case study, patient HL comes into the clinic with the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient has a history of drug abuse and possible Hepatitis C. HL is currently taking the following prescription drugs: Synthroid 100 mcg daily, Nifedipine 30 mg daily, and Prednisone 10 mg daily. The current dosage for Nifedipine 30 mg daily would be discontinued and the current recommended dosage for Nifedipine is 30 mg PO TID. Prednisone should be used with caution; patients with cirrhosis may experience enhanced corticosteroids effects due to decreased metabolism and thereby may require lower doses (Drugs, 2012). Labs should be ordered routinely and patients with cirrhosis should be screened for hepatocellular carcinoma every six to 12 months using imaging, with or without serum α-fetoprotein measurement (Starr, 2011).

Reference

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Starr, S., & Raines, D. (2011). Cirrhosis: Diagnosis, management, and prevention. American Family Physician, 84(12), 1353–1359

Rizzo, C. P. (2013). Cirrhosis. Magill’S Medical Guide (Online Edition),

Corrigan, M., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2015). Aspects of the Pathophysiology of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 33 Suppl 2102-108

Alaqaili, H. I., AlJuraysan, A. I., Hawsawi, R. A., Abuzaid, F. A., Alharbi, M. A., Mughallis, A. A., & … Al-Rajeh, H. I. (2017). Review on Liver Cirrhosis Complications and Treatment. Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine, 69(8), 3092-3103

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

Use these resources

Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources. To access select media resources, please use the media player below.

Required Readings

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Chapter 28, “Nausea and Vomiting” (pp. 429-446)

This chapter focuses on the etiology of nausea and vomiting, as well as body systems that impact or trigger nausea and vomiting. It also covers various drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting including the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for patients.

Chapter 29, “Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Peptic Ulcer Disease” (pp. 447-462)

his chapter begins with an overview of risk factors, symptoms, and clinical stages of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It then examines drugs used to treat GERD and peptic ulcer disease (PUD), including proper dosages, possible adverse reactions, contraindications, and special considerations.

Chapter 30, “Constipation, Diarrhea, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome” (pp.465-494)

This chapter begins by exploring disorders associated with constipation and diarrhea, as well as drugs used in treatment. It also covers the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and related drug therapies.

Chapter 31, “Inflammatory Bowel Disease” (pp. 497-515)

This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. It also identifies drugs used to treat IBD, including proper dosage, adverse reactions, and special considerations.

Starr, S., & Raines, D. (2011). Cirrhosis: Diagnosis, management, and prevention. American Family Physician, 84(12), 1353–1359. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of cirrhosis. It also provides methods for managing complications of cirrhosis.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Pharmacology for the gastrointestinal system. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines drug treatment options for disorders of the gastrointestinal system.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 2 minutes.

Optional Resources

Refer to the Optional Resources listed in Week 1.

Pernicious Anemia – Iron Deficiency Anemia – discussion week 7 response 1

Type of document Essay

1 Page

Subject area Nursing

Academic Level Master

Style APA

Number of references 4

Order description:

Please respond to traceys post in one of the following waysShare insights on how the anemia you selected is similar to or different from the one your colleague selected.

Discuss how genetic, gender, ethnic, age, and behavioral factors impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for anemic patients and use at least 2 of the resources as references or I dont get credit

These are the readings and resources

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Chapter 20, “Structure and Function of the Hematologic System”

This chapter examines components of the hematologic system, development of blood cells, mechanisms of hemostasis, and hematologic value changes in pediatrics and geriatrics. It also focuses on common blood tests for hematologic disorders.

Chapter 21, “Alterations of Hematologic Function”

This chapter focuses on common alterations of hematologic function, including alterations of erythrocyte function, leukocyte function, lymphoid function, splenic function, platelets, and coagulation.

Chapter 22, “Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children”

This chapter expands on alterations of hematologic function by presenting disorders that affect children, such as disorders of erythrocytes, coagulation, and platelets.

Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 6, “Blood Disorders”

This chapter begins by exploring the anatomy and physiology of blood and the coagulation system. It then examines two types of anemia caused by red cell disorders. White blood cell disorders and platelet disorders are also examined.

Optional Resources

American Sickle Cell Anemia Association. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.ascaa.org/

Tracys post

Tracey Rusnak

WK 7 Pernicious Anemia

COLLAPSE

NURS-6501-15: Advanced Pathophysiology

Pernicious Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells to provide oxygen to tissues (Medlineplus, 2018). Macrocytic-normochromic anemias are the result of ineffective DNA synthesis caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folic acid. Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common macrocytic type caused by vitamin B12 deficiency and may be caused by a congenital or an autoimmune process directed against gastric parietal cells (Huether, & McCance, 2012). Vitamin B12 is essential for nuclear maturation and DNA synthesis in red blood cells. The body receives this vitamin from eating foods such as meat, poultry, shellfish, eggs, and dairy products. A protein called intrinsic factor (IF) is released from cells in the stomach and is responsible for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12 from the intestines (Medlineplus, 2018). Most cases of PA result from an autoimmune gastritis called type A chronic gastritis. In this condition, gastric mucosal atrophy causes a destruction of parietal cells and a reduction of all gastric secretions such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin and IF. The degree of malabsorption of vitamin B12 is related to the severity of the gastric lesions (Huether, & McCance, 2012).

Pernicious Anemia – Iron Deficiency Anemia

As opposed to macrocytic anemia where the erythrocytes (blood cells) are unusually large and plentiful with a normal hemoglobin; microcytic anemia is characterized by abnormally small blood cells and a reduced amount of hemoglobin (Huether, & McCance, 2012). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a form of microcytic-hypochromic anemia in which the blood lacks adequate red blood cells due to insufficient iron (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). IDA is caused by an inadequate dietary intake or chronic blood loss (Huether, & McCance, 2012). Iron is a necessary component of hemoglobin, which is the substance that red blood cells use to carry oxygen to cells and tissues throughout the body. IDA develops slowly over three phases. The first phase involves a reduction in iron stores that effects red cell production and hemoglobin synthesis. The bone marrow uses the iron from the hemoglobin for red cell production. As the bone marrow depletes this source of iron, iron deficient red blood cells begin to be produced. The third phase is when these hemoglobin deficient erythrocytes enter the circulation to replace normal, aged red blood cells that have been destroyed (Huether, & McCance, 2012).

Clinical Manifestations

PA develops slowly and is often left untreated and undiagnosed because of its vague and nonspecific symptoms. Classic symptoms appear when the hemoglobin reaches 7 to 8g/dl. Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, paresthesia of feet and fingers, anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, beefy red tongue, and a sallow skin color (Huether, & McCance, 2012). As with PA, symptoms for IDA do not appear until the hemoglobin reaches 7 to 8g/dl. Early symptoms include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pallor. Advanced symptoms include sore, red tongue, brittle finger nails, and angular stomatitis (Huether, & McCance, 2012). Treatment involves replacement of the deficiencies associated with each anemia.

Diet

Vitamin B-12 deficiency can result from a diet lacking in vitamin B-12, which is found mainly in meat, eggs and milk (Medline Plus, 2018). A diet rich in iron is imperative to maintain adequate iron levels to support the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods (Mayo Clinic, n.d.).

References

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom (ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Iron deficiency anemia. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes

Medlineplus. (2018). Pernicious anemia. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000569.htm

Pathophysiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia – week 7 Advanced Pathophysiology response 2

Type of document Essay

1 Page

Subject area Nursing

Academic Level Master

Style APA

Number of references 4

Order description:

Please respond to Gayla post in one of the following ways Share insights on how the anemia you selected I did chronic inflammation anemia is similar to or different from the one your colleague selected.

Discuss how genetic, gender, ethnic, age, and behavioral factors impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for anemic patients. and use the readings and resources for at least 2 of the resources or it will not count

Gayla Cragg

Cragg DB 7

COLLAPSE

Pathophysiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia occurs as the result of “inadequate dietary intake or chronic blood loss” (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017, p. 517). These conditions result in depleted “iron stores and reduce hemoglobin synthesis” (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017, p. 517). Metabolic disorders can “lead to either insufficient iron delivery to bone marrow or impaired iron use (or absorption) within the marrow” (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017, p. 517). In this case, iron stores are normal, but delivery does not “maintain heme synthesis, thus producing a functional or relative iron deficiency” (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017, p. 517).

Pathophysiology of Folate Deficiency Anemia

Folate is a vitamin which is required for “RNA and DNA synthesis with the maturing erythrocyte (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017, p. 516). Schwartz, McCance, and Rote (2017) discussed that “folates are coenzymes required for the synthesis of thyamine and purines” (p. 517). This vitamin is supplied entirely by dietary intake. Absorption can be affected by disorders of the small intestine. After folate is absorbed in the small intestine, it is carried to the liver in the bloodstream, where it is stored (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017).

Comparison and Potential Causes

Both iron deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia can be affected by inadequate dietary intake (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). However, iron deficiency anemia is also caused by blood loss. Metabolic changes can affect the delivery of iron stores to the bone marrow in iron deficiency anemia (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). Whereas, small bowel disease can affect folate absorption (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017).

Potential Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Schwartz, McCance, and Rote (2017) noted that “in developed countries, pregnancy and a continuous loss of blood are the most common causes of iron deficiency anemia” (p. 517). Menstrual bleeding is a common cause in females (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). In males, potential causes can include hemorrhoids, ulcers, and cirrhosis (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). Schwartz, McCance, and Rote (2017) discussed that in developing countries, parasite infections could cause both loss of blood and iron, as well as poor intake a risk factor for children. Lead poisoning and treatment for high lead levels can cause iron deficiency anemia (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017)

Potential Causes of Folate Deficiency Anemia

Medications such as Dilantin and Phenobarbital can cause folic acid deficiency (Barranger, 2017). Deficiency can also occur when the body’s demand is more than intake as in pregnancy, skin disorders, or chronic hemolytic anemia (Barranger, 2017). Individuals with malabsorption disorders, such as Crohn and celiac disease also may have folate deficiency (Barranger, 2017; Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). Individuals who suffer from alcoholism are at risk for both folate and thiamine deficiencies, due to the chronic effects of alcohol on the liver and kidneys (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017)

Effects of Genetics, Gender, Ethnicity, Age, and Behavior

Effects of Age

Lindblad, Cotton, & Allan (2015) noted that iron deficiency anemia is common in the elderly. In patients over age 85, iron deficiency carries increased risk of mortality (Lindblad, Cotton, & Allan, 2015). Evaluation of possible causes such as gastrointestinal disease or cancer is recommended (Lindblad, Cotton, & Allan, 2015). Abrahamsen et al. (2016) noted that in mild and unexplained anemia, close clinical monitoring is recommended.

Effects of Genetics and Ethnicity

Gichohi-Wainaina et al. (2015) discussed “Transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6), is likely to be involved in iron metabolism through its pleiotropic effect on hepcidin concentrations” (p. 441). Gichohi-Wainaina et al. (201) also noted correlations between TMPRSS6 single nucleotide polymorphisms and anemia in Caucasian and Asian populations. Camaschella (2017) noted that iron refractory deficiency anemia is an “autosomal recessive disease, due to mutations of TMPRSS6 gene” (p. 228). Genetic susceptibility to development of iron deficiency after blood donation has been noted for “female carriers of the 736A allele of rs855791 in TMPRSS6, which is associated with low hepcidin levels” (Camaschella, 2017, p. 228).

Effects of Gender

Female gender places individuals at a higher risk of developing iron deficiency anemia related to blood loss with menstruation (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). Pregnancy also places increased demands for folic acid and iron stores (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017).

Effects of Behavior

Poor dietary intake can place individuals at risk of both iron deficiency and folate deficiency anemias (Barranger, 2017; Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017). Alcoholism can affect both males and females, and places individuals at higher risk for folate and thiamine deficiencies (Schwartz, McCance, & Rote, 2017).

References

Abrahamsen, J. F., Monsen, A. B., Landi, F., Haugland, C., Nilsen, R. M., & Ranhoff, A. H. (2016). Readmission and mortality one year after acute hospitalization in older patients with explained and unexplained anemia – a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Geriatrics, 16. doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0284-4

Barranger, K. (2017). Anemias. In Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed., pp. 891-906). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Camaschella, C. (2017). New insights into iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Blood Reviews, 31(4), 225-233.

Gichohi-Wainaina, W. N., Towers, G. W., Swinkels, D. W., Zimmermann, M. B., Feskens, E. J., & Melse-Boonstra, A. (2015). Inter-ethnic differences in genetic variants within the transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6) gene associated with iron status indicators: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Genes & Nutrition, (1), 1. doi:10.1007/s12263-014-0442-2

Lindblad, A. J., Cotton, C., & Allan, G. M. (2015). Iron deficiency anemia in the elderly. Canadian Family Physician, 61(2), 159.

Schwartz, A., McCance, K.L., & Rote, N.S. (2017). Alterations of hematologic function. In Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed., pp. 513-553). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Use these readings and resources

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Chapter 20, “Structure and Function of the Hematologic System”

Chapter 21, “Alterations of Hematologic Function”

This chapter focuses on common alterations of hematologic function, including alterations of erythrocyte function, leukocyte function, lymphoid function, splenic function, platelets, and coagulation.

Chapter 22, “Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children”

This chapter expands on alterations of hematologic function by presenting disorders that affect children, such as disorders of erythrocytes, coagulation, and platelets.

Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 6, “Blood Disorders”

Optional Resources

American Sickle Cell Anemia Association. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.ascaa.org/

MARKETING PLAN

Type of document Essay

8 Pages

Subject area Marketing

Academic Level Undergraduate

Style APA

Number of references 3

Order description:

For this assignment, you will document your hypothetical company’s background information and mission statement, your company’s short- and long-term goals, an environmental analysis, and a SWOT analysis.

Note: You should create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

Instructions

Create the first part of your marketing plan:

Write an introduction to your company. Describe your hypothetical company, its location, and the product it makes or the service it provides, and introduce the contents of your marketing plan.

Develop your company’s mission statement.

Decide the main goals that you would like to achieve within the next year (short term) and the main goals that you would like to achieve within the next five years (long term). Determine the most appropriate ways to measure both short- and long-term goals.

Note: Consider the following metrics: tracking downloads of website content, website visitors, increases in market share, customer value, new product /service adoption rates, retention, rate of growth compared to competition and the market, margin, and customer engagement.

Develop an environmental analysis that includes competitive, economic, political, legal, technological, and sociocultural forces.

Develop both a SWOT analysis and needs analysis for your product / service. Each analysis should examine three strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for your company.

Use at least three academic resources as quantitative marketing research to determine the feasibility of your product / service. These resources should be industry specific and relate to your chosen product / service.

Note: Wikipedia and other websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Analyze marketing environments and strategies used to strengthen product or service positioning.

Evaluate data and information on customer/consumer behavior.
Evaluate marketing research tools involved in the marketing process.
Examine the marketing science of customer behavior and products in the marketing exchange process.

Evaluate marketing strategies used to create/communicate customer value.

Analyze the marketing framework through a situation analysis.

Create an effective marketing plan.

Develop recommendations based on market analysis and strategy.
Develop strategies to assess performance and achieve marketing goals.
Develop dynamic strategies for competing.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric found here.

Cardiomyopathy

Undergraduate (1st and 2nd year)

1 page

Discipline: – Anatomy

Type of service: Essay

Spacing: Double spacing

Paper format: APA

Number of sources: 3 sources

Paper details:

Identify the four types of tissue in the body and describe their roles. Also, please explain why bone can heal fairly quickly and cartilage can take longer to heal, if at all. Choose one of the types of tissues and research a condition or disease that affects that specific tissue type. Include condition/disease type, deficiency (if any), metabolite buildup (if any), symptoms, signs, the age of onset, typical life expectancy, and other applicable aspects of the disease. Use at least 3 scholarly references and APA format.

Operations/ Manufacturing Development Plan

Master’s

4 pages

Discipline: Business

Type of service: Business Plan

Spacing: Double spacing

Paper format: MLA

Number of sources: 0 source

Paper details:

Operations/ Manufacturing Development Plan- a section of the business plan that offers information on how a product will be produced or a service provided, including descriptions of the new firm’s facilities and identify locations, labor-personnel needs and uses raw materials, and proximity to suppliers, specific operational procedures.

You have decided to create a mobile spa business in Miami Florida.

Please answer the following question in depth about the Miami location and goals.

Location plans.

Have you identified a specific location?

Have you outlined the advantages of the locations?

Any specific operations to be considered?

What personnel needs are there?

Will your suppliers be accessible?

Future growth plans.

How have you set your objectives?

Have you set deadlines for each stage of your growth?

Please separate the two sections for easy review.

add pictures and address.

M4 Blog: Free Speech Limits

Type of document Essay

1 Page)

Subject area Political Science

Academic Level High School

Style MLA Number of references 3

Order description:

Of all the civil liberties, free speech regularly captures the attention of citizens, government leaders, and the media alike. It is not hard to find individuals who have very strong feelings on the subject, and a quick survey of the news reveals concerns over censorship, hate speech and public protest. All of these items fit neatly under the umbrella of the 1st Amendment and free speech.

In this blog, we are going to consider the limits of free speech.

Are you, like Justice Douglas or Black, an absolutist when it comes to protecting free speech? In other words, do you believe that the government has no right to ban any speech?

If you don’t fall into this line of argumentation, where do you draw the line? What types of speech are you simply unwilling to tolerate and would, if you could, empower the government to ban/punish?

To get the topic started, let’s start with an area certain to spark some debate. The topic is the existence of “crush videos.” Crush videos involve the recording of individuals (usually women) stepping on (crushing) animals. The creatures in question can range from insects to small rodents. In 1999, Congress passed a law to make these items illegal. In detailing the background and need for adopting this law, Congress stated that “Much of the material featured women inflicting the torture with their bare feet or while wearing high-heeled shoes… In some video depictions, the woman’s voice can be heard talking to the animals in a kind of dominatrix patter.” (Follow this link to read the entire bill.)

However, the Supreme Court held that the law was too broadly written to effectively prosecute individuals without trampling the 1st Amendment. Please read The New York Times story, “Justices Reject Ban on Videos of Animal Cruelty” for a full discussion on the matter.

Congress made an attempt to address the Court’s concerns, but legal challenges still exist. Specifically, the 5th U.S. Circuit Court became involved in overturning a lower district court judge’s ruling that the aforementioned actions could be protected. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case. You can read a brief story on the latest decision here.

As you consider this topic, imagine you were either a member of Congress or a sitting judge who had to take action on this matter.

How would you vote?

Do you support the law or would you side with the Court on the topic?

To frame the topic a bit broader, are you in favor of banning (criminalizing) videos of people hunting animals? Fishing? Bull-fighting? What makes them different? Remember that in the case of the crush videos, we are not talking about the legality of the person in the video, but rather the individual who has such a video in their possession.

For your blog entry, you don’t need to address the matter of crush videos, but rather consider a topic where you might draw the line for free speech protection.

What types of things are, in your mind, out of bounds? Why?

As you think about free speech and different statements and expressions that seem to push the boundaries of where we might draw lines for regulation, I think it is worth considering some real world examples. Here is one that was on television and caused considerable backlash.

In 1992, Sinead O’Connor gave a musical performance on Saturday Night Live (SNL) and sang Bob Marley’s song “War” (Time: 3:14; closed caption available). with some modifications, to protest sexual abuse in the Catholic Church. At the very end of the song, she held up a picture of the Pope John Paul II and after singing the word “evil”, she extolled the audience to “Fight the real enemy” and ripped the picture into pieces.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) did not fine SNL for producing this piece and showing it again unedited when it was aired on the West coast. In subsequent releases, the rehearsal performance was substituted.

If you were producing the show, what actions would you have taken?

Is her action simply a matter of taste and not something that needs to be censored?

Does the government have any power to limit the broadcast of such images/actions or is it purely a company (NBC) decision?

M3 Assignment: Ranking the States

Type of document Essay

2 Pages

Subject area Political Science

Academic Level High School

Style MLA Number of references 1

Order description:

Points Possible -15

The learning activities for the module had you read and review the U.S. News and World Report article that ranked the states on a wide-range of metric. For your assignment, you should revisit that report and focus on 2 of the 7 large topic categories (Healthcare, Education, Crime, Infrastructure, Opportunity, Economy, and Government). You should use the same two categories as you answer the following questions.

What are the categories you’ve selected to focus on from the report? What made you select them? How much can a state shape the outcome of these categories in their state versus how dependent they are upon the actions of the national government?

What does this type of report not capture? In other words, what are the shortcomings of creating a ranked list of states? What impact does this report have on the actions of state officials or citizens?

Do you agree with the report’s ranking of Michigan? Why? Look ahead 5 years. Make a prediction about where you would rank the state then. Explain.

Nullification

Type of document Essay

1 Page

Subject area Political Science

Academic Level High School

Style MLA

Number of references 1

Order description:

Your analytical posts should be at least 2 paragraphs long and substantially targeted to address the central topic/theme of the blog. In your posts, you should use examples and citations to support your arguments. I strongly encourage you to make the posts lively and engaging. We want this to be fun for everyone to read. However, be mindful that your posts should be clearly written and detailed.

In addition to your own posts on the subject, it is expected that you will be writing responses to the posts from your classmates. You should regularly read and respond to this blog.

Grades for the blog will be assigned using the rubric attached to the blog. I strongly encourage you to review this rubric before starting the assignment.

As he closed out his first term in office, President Andrew Jackson issued a proclamation that was aimed at South Carolina’s assertion that states had the power to “nullify” federal legislation that they found to be disagreeable. In this particular case, the matter at hand was the imposition of tariffs, but the bigger question revolved around the proper relationship between states and the national government.

stoic portrait of Andrew Jackson” style=

Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s own vice-president, John Calhoun, was one of the chief proponents of the calls for nullification and South Carolina did, with his guidance, adopt a resolution declaring that the federal tariffs were “unauthorized by the constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State.”1

portrait of a somber John Calhoun” style=

John Calhoun

Although this dispute took place nearly 200 years ago and the matter never developed beyond a war of words, it still highlights important constitutional and federal questions for today. Indeed, there is a growing call for states to resist federal attempts to dictate policy to them and restore states’ rights to a position they have not enjoyed for decades.

To highlight this connection, please read the following article from The Atlantic. The article, entitled “Nullification, Now Coming to the Supreme Court”, describes Mike Huckabee’s (former Republican presidential hopeful and Arkansas Governor) call for a modern revival of nullification. Unlike the 1830 dispute on trade policy, the concern now is same-sex marriage. As you read the article, take particular note of how the author, David Graham, frames the current nullification resurgence. He writes:

When the Tea Party wave arrived in 2010, it swept away much of the Republican Party’s existing structure, and instituted a more populist approach. But as waves tend to do, it left some even older debris in its wake. “Nullification,” the theory that states can invalidate federal laws that they deem unconstitutional, had its heyday in the slavery debate that preceded the Civil War, but it has found new currency since 2010.

The theory has never been validated by a federal court, yet some Republican officeholders have suggested states can nullify laws, including Senator Joni Ernst, who gave the GOP rebuttal to the State of the Union. Missouri legislators passed a bill that would have nullified all federal gun laws and prohibited their enforcement. My colleague James Fallows has described efforts by Republicans in Congress to block duly passed laws—refusing to confirm any director of an agency established by an act of Congress, for example—as a new form of nullification.2

Lest you think that this approach is relegated to only the fringes or American politics, you should take note that the 10th Amendment Center has been active on this front for some time and even has a particular page dedicated to arguing that “Nullification is not Unconstitutional”.

Of course you should look at this topic from the other side. To that end, visit the National Constitution Center website. Specifically you should read Lyle Denniston’s blog entitled “Constitution Check: Are state courts bound by federal court rulings on same-sex marriage?”

So where do you stand?

Do you think nullification is a viable approach to strengthening states’ rights?

For your blog submission, you should pick a topic where you see states and the federal government at disagreement and dissect how/why the state could/could not invoke nullification to get its way. (You can’t use the topic of same-sex marriages.)