MARKETING PLAN WORKSHEETS

Answering the questions on these worksheets will enable you to:

1. Organize and structure the data and information you collect during the situation analysis.

2. Use this information to better understand a firm’s strengths and weaknesses and to recognize the opportunities and threats that exist in the marketing environment.

3. Develop goals and objectives that capitalize on strengths.

4. Develop a marketing strategy that creates competitive advantages.

5. Outline a plan for implementing the marketing strategy.

By downloading these worksheets in an electronic format, you will be able to change the outline or add additional information that is relevant to your situation. Remember that there is no one best way to organize a marketing plan. This outline was designed to serve as a starting point and to be flexible enough to accommodate the unique characteristics of your particular company’s situation.

As you complete the worksheets, it might be useful to refer back to various chapters in the text and notes from our class discussions for suggestions and ideas. In completing the situation analysis section, be sure to be as comprehensive as possible. The viability of your SWOT analysis depends on how well you have identified all of the relevant environmental issues. Likewise, as you complete the SWOT analysis, you should be honest about the firm’s characteristics. Do not depend on strengths that the firm really does not possess. Being honest also goes for your listing of weaknesses.

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I. Executive Summary

The executive summary is a synopsis of the overall marketing plan. The executive summary is easier to write if you do it last, after you have written the entire marketing plan.

(For electric car Tesla)

II. Situation Analysis

A. The External Environment

Competitive Pressures

Identify the firm’s major competitors (brand, product, generic, and total budget):

Identify the characteristics of the firm’s major competitors:

Size

Growth

Profitability

Target markets

Products

Key strengths and weaknesses

Key marketing capabilities (production, distribution, promotion, pricing)

List any potential (future) competitors not identified in the preceding.

Economic Growth and Stability

Identify the general economic conditions of the country, region, state, and local area in which the firm operates:

Explain the economic climate with respect to customers:

Inflation

Consumer confidence

Purchasing patterns (buying power)

Business-to-business economic conditions

Political, Legal, and Regulatory Issues

Identify any political activities that affect the firm or the industry:

Changes in elected officials (domestic or foreign)

Industry (lobbying) groups

Consumer groups

Identify any changes in international, federal, state, or local laws and regulations that affect the marketing activities of the firm or the industry:

Recent court decisions

Recent rulings of federal, state, local, and self-regulatory agencies

Changes in global trade agreements or trade law

Changes in Technology

Identify ways that changing technology has affected the firm’s customers:

Searching for product information

Place and timing of purchase (order) decisions

Comparison shopping

Identify ways that changing technology has affected the way the firm or the industry operates:

Manufacturing

Distribution

Promotion

Customer relationship management

Partnerships and alliances

Identify current technologies that the firm is not using to the fullest potential:

Identify future technologies that may increase the risk of product obsolescence:

Socio-cultural Trends

>>>>

Identify changes in society’s demographics and values that will affect the firm or the industry (if this becomes too broad, focus on the firm’s target customers):

Explain the changes that shifting demographics and values will have on the firm’s:

Products (features, benefits, branding)

Pricing (value)

Distribution (convenience, efficiency)

Promotion (message content, delivery, feedback)

People (human resource issues)

Identify any problems or opportunities that may be created by changes in the cultural diversity of the firm’s customers and employees:

Identify any environmental issues (pollution, recycling, energy conservation) that the firm or industry is facing:

Identify the ethical and social responsibility issues that the firm or industry is facing:

B. The Customer Environment

Who are the firm’s current and potential customers?

Describe the important identifying characteristics of the firm’s current and potential customers:

Demographic

Geographic

Psychographic

Product usage

Identify the important players in the purchase process for the firm’s products:

Purchasers (actual act of purchase)

Users (actual product user)

Influencers (influence the decision, make recommendations)

Financial responsibility (who pays the bill?)

What do customers do with the firm’s products?

Purchase

Purchase quantities and combinations

Purchase of complementary products

Purchase situations

Consumption

Characteristics of heavy users

Characteristics of light users

Consumption of complementary products

Consumption situations

Disposition

Issues related to the creation of waste (garbage)

Issues related to recycling

Where do customers purchase the firm’s products?

Identify the outlets (intermediaries) where the firm’s products are purchased:

Store-based retailers

Electronic retailers (Internet, television)

Catalog retailers

Vending

Wholesale outlets

Direct from the firm

Identify any trends in purchase patterns across these outlets (e.g., how e-commerce has changed the way the firm’s products are purchased).

When do customers purchase the firm’s products?

Under the firm’s control

Promotional events (communication and price changes)

Customer services (hours of operation, delivery)

Not under the firm’s control

Seasonal patterns

Physical/social surroundings

Time perceptions

Competitive actions

Why (and how) do customers select the firm’s products?

Describe the basic benefits provided by the firm’s products relative to competing products:

Describe the degree to which customers’ needs are being fulfilled by the firm’s products relative to competing products:

Describe how customers’ needs are expected to change in the future.

Describe the relative importance of transactional (short, one-time) vs. relational (long-term, ongoing) exchange processes when customers make a purchase:

Why do potential customers not purchase the firm’s products?

Identify the basic needs of noncustomers that are not being met by the firm’s products:

Identify the features, benefits, and advantages of competing products that cause noncustomers to choose them over the firm’s products:

Identify problems with the firm’s distribution, promotion, or pricing that cause noncustomers to look elsewhere:

C. Internal (Organizational) Environment

Review of marketing goals and objectives

Identify the firm’s current marketing goals and objectives.

State whether these goals and objectives are:

Consistent with the firm’s mission

Consistent with recent changes in the marketing or customer environments

Leading to expected performance outcomes (sales volume, market share,

profitability, awareness, brand preference)

Review of current marketing performance

Describe the firm’s current performance compared to other firms in the industry. Is the performance of the industry as a whole improving or declining? Why?

If the firm’s performance is declining, what is the most likely cause (e.g., environmental changes, flawed strategy, poor implementation)?

Review of current and anticipated organizational resources

Describe the current state of the firm’s organizational resources (e.g., financial, capital, human, experience, relationships with key suppliers or customers).

How are the levels of these resources likely to change in the future?

If resource levels are expected to change:

How can the firm leverage additional resources to meet customer needs

better than competitors?

How can the firm compensate for future constraints on its resources?

Review of current and anticipated cultural and structural issues

In terms of marketing strategy development and implementation, describe the positive and negative aspects of the current and anticipated culture of the firm. Examples could include:

The firm’s overall customer orientation (or lack thereof)

The firm’s emphasis on short-term vs. long-term planning

Willingness of the culture to embrace change

Internal politics and power struggles

The overall position and importance of the marketing function

Changes in key executive positions

General employee satisfaction and morale

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III. SWOT Analysis

A. Strengths

Strength 1: _________________________________________________________

How does this strength enable the firm to meet customers’ needs?

Does this strength make the firm different from (better than) its competitors?

Strength 2: _________________________________________________________

How does this strength enable the firm to meet customers’ needs?

Does this strength make the firm different from (better than) its competitors?

(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of strengths)

B. Weaknesses

Weakness 1: ________________________________________________________

How does this weakness prevent the firm from meeting customers’ needs?

Does this weakness make the firm different from (worse than) its competitors?

Weakness 2: ________________________________________________________

How does this weakness prevent the firm from meeting customers’ needs?

Does this weakness make the firm different from (worse than) its competitors?

(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of weaknesses)

C. Opportunities

Opportunity 1: _______________________________________________________

How is this opportunity related to serving customers’ needs?

How can the firm capitalize on this opportunity in the short- and long-term?

Opportunity 2: _______________________________________________________

How is this opportunity related to serving customers’ needs?

How can the firm capitalize on this opportunity in the short- and long-term?

(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of opportunities)

D. Threats

Threat 1: ___________________________________________________________

How is this threat related to serving customers’ needs?

How can the firm prevent this threat from limiting its capabilities in the short- and

long-term?
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Marketing Plan Worksheets

Marketing Plan Worksheets
These worksheets will assist you in writing a formal marketing plan. Worksheets are a useful planning tool because they help to ensure that important information is not omitted from the marketing plan. Answering the questions on these worksheets will enable you to:

1. Organize and structure the data and information you collect during the situation analysis.
2. Use this information to better understand a firm’s strengths and weaknesses, and to recognize the opportunities and threats that exist in the marketing environment.
3. Develop goals and objectives that capitalize on strengths.
4. Develop a marketing strategy that creates competitive advantages.
5. Outline a plan for implementing the marketing strategy.

These worksheets are available in electronic format on our text’s website at www.cengagebrain.com. By downloading these worksheets, you will be able to change the outline or add additional information that is relevant to your situation. Remember that there is no one best way to organize a marketing plan. We designed our outline to serve as a starting point and to be flexible enough to accommodate the unique characteristics of your situation.

As you complete the worksheets, it might be useful to refer back to the text of the chapters. In completing the situation analysis section, be sure to be as comprehensive as possible. The viability of your SWOT analysis depends on how well you have identified all of the relevant environmental issues. Likewise, as you complete the SWOT analysis, you should be honest about the firm’s characteristics. Do not depend on strengths that the firm really does not possess. Honesty is also important for your listing of weaknesses.

I. Executive Summary

The executive summary is a synopsis of the overall marketing plan. It should provide an overview of the entire plan including goals/objectives, strategy elements, implementation issues, and expected outcomes. The executive summary should be the last part of the marketing plan that you write.

II. Situation Analysis

A. The Internal Environment (refer to Exhibit 3.3)

Review of marketing goals and objectives
Identify the firm’s current marketing goals and objectives.

Explain how these goals and objectives are being achieved.

Explain how these goals and objectives are consistent or inconsistent with the firm’s mission, recent trends in the external environment, and recent trends in the customer environment.

Review of current marketing strategy and performance

Describe the firm’s current marketing strategy with respect to products, pricing, distribution, and promotion. Which elements of the strategy are working well? Which elements are not?

Describe the firm’s current performance (sales volume, market share, profitability, awareness, brand preference) compared to other firms in the industry. Is the performance of the industry as a whole improving or declining? Why?

If the firm’s performance is declining, what is the most likely cause (e.g., environmental changes, flawed strategy, poor implementation)?

Review of current and anticipated organizational resources

Describe the current state of the firm’s organizational resources (e.g., financial, capital, human, experience, relationships with key suppliers or customers). How are the levels of these resources likely to change in the future?

If resource levels are expected to change, how can the firm leverage additional resources to meet customer needs better than competitors?

If additional resources are not available, how can the firm compensate for future resource constraints (lack of resources)?

Review of current and anticipated cultural and structural issues

In terms of marketing strategy development and implementation, describe the positive and negative aspects of the current and anticipated culture of the firm. Examples could include:
The firm’s overall customer orientation (or lack thereof)
The firm’s emphasis on short-term versus long-term planning
Willingness of the firm’s culture to embrace change
Internal politics and power struggles
The overall position and importance of the marketing function
Changes in key executive positions
General employee satisfaction and morale

Explain whether the firm’s structure is supportive of the current marketing strategy.

B. The Customer Environment (refer to Exhibit 3.4)

Who are the firm’s current and potential customers?

Describe the important identifying characteristics of the firm’s current and potential customers with respect to demographics, geographic location, psychographic profiles, values/lifestyles, and product usage characteristics (heavy vs. light users).

Identify the important players in the purchase process for the firm’s products. These might include purchasers (actual act of purchase), users (actual product user), purchase influencers (influence the decision, make recommendations), and the bearer of financial responsibility (who pays the bill?).

What do customers do with the firm’s products?

How are the firm’s products connected to customer needs? What are the basic benefits provided by the firm’s products?

How are the firm’s products purchased (quantities and combinations)? Is the product purchased as a part of a solution or alongside complementary products?

How are the firm’s products consumed or used? Are there special consumption situations that influence purchase behavior?

Are there issues related to disposition of the firm’s products, such as waste (garbage) or recycling, which must be addressed by the firm?

Where do customers purchase the firm’s products?

Identify the merchants (intermediaries) where the firm’s products are purchased (e.g., store-based retailers, ecommerce, catalog retailers, vending, wholesale outlets, direct from the firm).

Identify any trends in purchase patterns across these outlets (e.g., how has ecommerce changed the way the firm’s products are purchased?).

When do customers purchase the firm’s products?

How does purchase behavior vary based on different promotional events (communication and price changes) or customer services (hours of operation, delivery)?

How does purchase behavior vary based on uncontrollable influences such as seasonal demand patterns, time-based demand patterns, physical/social surroundings, or competitive activities?

Why (and how) do customers select the firm’s products?

Describe the advantages of the firm’s products relative to competing products. How well do the firm’s products fulfill customers’ needs relative to competing products?

Describe how issues such as brand loyalty, value, commoditization, and relational exchange processes affect customers’ purchase behaviors.

Describe how credit or financing is used in purchasing the firm’s products. Also, do customers seek long-term relationships with the firm, or do they buy in a transactional fashion (based primarily on price)?

Why do potential customers not purchase the firm’s products?

Identify the needs, preferences, and requirements of non-customers that are not being met by the firm’s products.

What are the features, benefits, and advantages of competing products that cause non-customers to choose them over the firm’s products?

Explain how the firm’s pricing, distribution, and/or promotion are out of sync with non-customers. Outside of the product, what causes non-customers to look elsewhere?

Describe the potential for converting non-customers into customers.

C. The External Environment (refer to Exhibit 3.5)

Competition

Identify the firm’s major competitors (brand, product, generic, and total budget).

Identify the characteristics of the firm’s major competitors with respect to size, growth, profitability, target markets, products, and marketing capabilities (production, distribution, promotion, pricing).

What other major strengths and weaknesses do these competitors possess?

List any potential future competitors not identified above.

Economic Growth and Stability

Identify the general economic conditions of the country, region, state, or local area where the firm’s target customers are located. How are these economic conditions related to customers’ ability to purchase the firm’s products?

Describe the economics of the industry within which the firm operates. These issues might include the cost of raw materials, patents, merger/acquisition trends, sales trends, supply/demand issues, marketing challenges, and industry growth/decline.

Political Trends

Identify any political activities affecting the firm or the industry with respect to changes in elected officials (domestic or foreign), potential regulations favored by elected officials, industry (lobbying) groups or political action committees, and consumer advocacy groups.

What are the current and potential hot button political or policy issues at the national, regional, or local level that may affect the firm’s marketing activities?

Legal and Regulatory Issues

Identify any changes in international, federal, state, or local laws and regulations affecting the firm’s or industry’s marketing activities with respect to recent court decisions, recent rulings of federal, state, or local government entities, recent decisions by regulatory and self-regulatory agencies, and changes in global trade agreements or trade law.

Technological Advancements

How have recent technological advances affected the firm’s customers with respect to needs/wants/preferences, access to information, the timing and location of purchase decisions, the ability to compare competing product offerings, or the ability to conduct transactions more effectively and efficiently?

Have customers embraced or rejected these technological advances? How is this issue related to customers’ concerns over privacy and security?

How have recent technological advances affected the firm or the industry with respect to manufacturing, process efficiency, distribution, supply chain effectiveness, promotion, cost-reduction, or customer relationship management?

What future technologies offer important opportunities for the firm? Identify any future technologies that may threaten the firm’s viability or its marketing efforts.

Sociocultural Trends

With respect to the firm’s target customers, identify changes in society’s demographics, values, and lifestyles that affect the firm or the industry.

Explain how these changes are affecting (or may affect) the firm’s products (features, benefits, branding), pricing (value), distribution and supply chain (convenience, efficiency), promotion (message content, delivery, feedback), and people (human resource issues).

Identify the ethical and social responsibility issues that the firm or industry faces. How do these issues affect the firm’s customers? How are these issues expected to change in the future?

III. SWOT Analysis (refer to Exhibit 4.4)

A. Strengths

Strength 1: _________________________________________________________
Strength 2: _________________________________________________________
(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of strengths)

How do these strengths enable the firm to meet customers’ needs?
How do these strengths differentiate the firm from its competitors?

B. Weaknesses

Weakness 1: ________________________________________________________
Weakness 2: ________________________________________________________
(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of weaknesses)

How do these weaknesses prevent the firm from meeting customers’ needs?
How do these weaknesses negatively differentiate the firm from its competitors?

C. Opportunities (external situations independent of the firm—not strategic options)

Opportunity 1: _______________________________________________________
Opportunity 2: _______________________________________________________
(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of opportunities)

How are these opportunities related to serving customers’ needs?
What is the time horizon of each opportunity?

D. Threats (external situations independent of the firm)

Threat 1: ___________________________________________________________
Threat 2: ___________________________________________________________
(Repeat as needed to develop a complete list of threats)

How are these threats related to serving customers’ needs?
What is the time horizon of each threat?

E. The SWOT Matrix (refer to Exhibit 4.5 and Exhibit 4.6)

Strengths:




• Opportunities:





Weaknesses:




• Threats:




F. Developing Competitive Advantages (refer to Exhibit 4.7)

Describe ways that the firm can match its strengths to its opportunities to create capabilities in serving customers’ needs.

Are these capabilities and competitive advantages grounded in the basic principles of operational excellence, product leadership, and/or customer intimacy? If so, how are these capabilities and advantages made apparent to customers?

Can the firm convert its weaknesses into strengths or its threats into opportunities? If not, how can the firm minimize or avoid its weaknesses and threats?

Does the firm possess any major liabilities (unconverted weaknesses that match unconverted threats) or limitations (unconverted weaknesses or threats that match opportunities)? If so, are these liabilities and limitations apparent to customers?

Can the firm do anything about its liabilities or limitations, especially those that impact the firm’s ability to serve customers’ needs?

G. Developing a Strategic Focus

What is the overall strategic focus of the marketing plan? Does the strategic focus follow any particular direction, such as aggressiveness, diversification, turnaround, defensiveness, or niche marketing?

Describe the firm’s strategic focus in terms of a strategy canvas. How does the firm’sstrategic thrust provide sufficient focus and divergence from other firms in the industry?

IV. Marketing Goals and Objectives

A. Marketing Goal A: __________________________________________________
(should be broad, motivational, and somewhat vague)

Objective A1: ______________________________________________________
(must contain a specific and measurable outcome, a time frame for completion, and identifythe person/unit responsible for achieving the objective)

Objective A2: ______________________________________________________
(must contain a specific and measurable outcome, a time frame for completion, and identifythe person/unit responsible for achieving the objective)

B. Marketing Goal B: __________________________________________________
(should be broad, motivational, and somewhat vague)

Objective B1: ______________________________________________________
(must contain a specific and measurable outcome, a time frame for completion, and identifythe person/unit responsible for achieving the objective)

Objective B2: ______________________________________________________
(must contain a specific and measurable outcome, a time frame for completion, and identifythe person/unit responsible for achieving the objective)

(Can be repeated as needed to develop a complete list of goals and objectives. However, havingone goal and two or three objectives is advisable to greatly reduce the complexity of the marketing strategy.)

V. Marketing Strategy

A. Primary (and Secondary) Target Market

Primary target market

Identifying characteristics (demographics, geography, values, psychographics):
Basic needs, wants, preferences, or requirements:
Buying habits and preferences:
Consumption/disposition characteristics:

Secondary target market (optional)

Identifying characteristics (demographics, geography, values, psychographics):
Basic needs, wants, preferences, or requirements:
Buying habits and preferences:
Consumption/disposition characteristics:

B. Product Strategy

Brand name, packaging, and logo design:
Major features and benefits:
Differentiation/positioning strategy:
Supplemental products (including customer service strategy):
Connection to value (core, supplemental, experiential/symbolic attributes):

C. Pricing Strategy

Overall pricing strategy and pricing objectives:
Price comparison to competition:
Connection to differentiation/positioning strategy:
Connection to value (monetary costs):
Profit margin and breakeven:
Specific pricing tactics (discounts, incentives, financing, etc.):

D. Distribution/Supply Chain Strategy

Overall supply chain strategy (including distribution intensity):
Channels and intermediaries to be used:
Connection to differentiation/positioning strategy:
Connection to value (nonmonetary costs):
Strategies to ensure channel support (slotting fees, guarantees, etc.):
Tactics designed to increase time, place, and possession utility:

E. Integrated Marketing Communication (Promotion) Strategy

Overall IMC strategy, IMC objectives, and budget:
Consumer promotion elements
Advertising strategy:
Public relations/publicity strategy:
Personal selling strategy:
Consumer sales promotion (pull) strategy:
Trade (channel) promotion elements
Advertising strategy:
Public relations/publicity strategy:
Personal selling strategy:
Trade sales promotion (push) strategy:

VI. Marketing Implementation

A. Structural Issues

Describe the overall approach to implementing the marketing strategy.

Describe any changes to the firm’s structure needed to implement the marketing strategy(e.g., add/delete positions, change lines of authority, change reporting relationships).

Describe any necessary internal marketing activities in the following areas: employee training, employee buy-in and motivation to implement the marketing strategy, overcoming resistance to change, internal communication and promotion of the marketing strategy, and coordination with other functional areas.

B. Tactical Marketing Activities (be very specific—this lays out the details of the
marketing strategy and how it will be executed)

Specific Tactical Activities Person/Department
Responsible Required
Budget Completion
Date
Product Activities
1.
2.
3.
Pricing Activities
1.
2.
3.
Distribution/Supply Chain Activities
1.
2.
3.
IMC (Promotion) Activities
1.
2.
3.

VII. Evaluation and Control (refer to Exhibit 9.5)

A. Formal Controls

Describe the types of input controls that must be in place before the marketing plan can be implemented. Examples include financial resources, capital expenditures, additional research and development, and additional human resources.

Describe the types of process controls that will be needed during the execution of the marketing plan. Examples include management training, management commitment to the plan and to employees, revised employee evaluation/compensation systems, enhanced employee authority, and internal communication activities.

Describe the types of output controls that will be used to measure marketing performance and compare it to stated marketing objectives during and after the execution of the marketing plan.

Overall performance standards (these will vary based on the goals and objectives of the marketing plan). Examples include dollar sales, sales volume, market share, share of customer, profitability, customer satisfaction, customer retention, or other customer-related metrics.

Product performance standards (these are optional and will vary based on the product strategy). Examples include product specifications, core product quality, supplemental product quality, experiential quality, new product innovation, branding, and positioning.

Price performance standards (these are optional and will vary based on the pricing strategy). Examples include revenue targets, supply/demand balance, price elasticity, yield management, or metrics based on specific price adjustments.

Distribution performance standards (these are optional and will vary based on the distribution strategy). Examples include distribution effectiveness/efficiency, supply chain integration, value (time, place, and possession utility), relationship maintenance (collaboration, conflict), outsourcing, or direct distribution performance.

IMC (promotion) performance standards (these are optional and will vary based on the IMC strategy). Examples include communication objectives; brand awareness, recognition, or recall; campaign reach, frequency, and impressions; purchase intentions; and public relations, sales, and sales promotion effectiveness.

B. Informal Controls

Describe issues related to employee self-control that can influence the implementation of the marketing strategy. Examples include employee satisfaction, employee commitment (to the firm and the marketing plan), and employee confidence in their skills. If any of these controls are lacking, how can they be enhanced to support the implementation of the marketing plan?

Describe issues related to employee social control that can influence the implementation of the marketing strategy. Examples include shared organizational values, workgroup relationships, and social or behavioral norms. If any of these controls are lacking, how can they be enhanced to support the implementation of the marketing plan?

Describe issues related to cultural control that can influence the implementation of the marketing strategy. Examples include organizational culture and organizational rituals. If any of these controls are lacking, how can they be enhanced to support the implementation of the marketing plan?

C. Marketing Audits (refer to Exhibit 9.6)

Explain how marketing activities will be monitored. What are the specific profit- and time-based measures that will be used to monitor marketing activities?

Describe the marketing audit to be performed, including the person(s) responsible for conducting the audit.

If it is determined that the marketing strategy does not meet expectations, what corrective actions might be taken to improve performance (overall or within any element of the marketing program)?

If the marketing plan, as currently designed, shows little likelihood of meeting the marketing objectives, which elements of the plan should be reconsidered and revised?

D. Implementation Schedule and Timeline (refer to Exhibit 9.7)

Month ________ ________ ________
ActivitiesWeek 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Product Activities

Pricing Activities

Distribution Activities

IMC Activities